The transformation of endodermal-derived thyroid follicular cells or neural crest– derived thyroid C cells leads to distinct types of cancer (Fig. 1). Follicular cells give rise to two main forms of differentiated thyroid cancer: papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas are comparatively rare tumors that also arise fro...

Post-treatment or diagnostic whole-body radioiodine scintigraphy is widely used to assess the residual, recurrence, or metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma because of the high sensitivity and accuracy that this assessment provides. While bearing in mind all the diagnostic potential of this test, we have to consider its’ potential pitfalls, as well. Herein, we present 4 patients with d...

While accounting for only 1% of solid organ malignancies (9% in women), thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Although most patients have a favorable prognosis, over 1,500 people will die from thyroid carcinoma each year. The spectrum of disease types range from papillary thyroid cancer, which is a well-differentiated indolent tumor, to anaplastic carcinoma, a...

This study reports a case of anaplastic transformation from a well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a young patient. The first recurrent tissue contained poorly differentiated foci that revealed lower thyroglobulin, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), and galectin-3 expression than the well-differentiated area. However there was no increased p53 or Ki-67 expression in the poorly differen...

Transformation of differentiated thyroid cancer into poorly differentiated carcinoma is rare. This report describes a case in which preoperative fine needle aspiration suggested a squamous cell carcinoma whereas needle core biopsy favoured an undifferentiated carcinoma of probable thyroid origin. Histology of the subsequent total thyroidectomy specimen revealed a biphasic tumour comprising area...

The treatment of patient with differentiated carcinoma of thyroid consists of three stages, surgery, I 1.1.i ablation and hormone therapy. To avoid the problems mentioned in the article, initially the patient should have thyroid scan, T.1 , T4, thyroglobulin estimation and a chest x-ray, prior to surgery which should be carried out by a competent surgeon, in order that total thyroidectomy can b...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the causes of thyroid cancer, but insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) might play an important role in its development due to its mitogenic and antiapoptotic properties. METHODS This study prospectively investigated the association between serum IGF-I concentrations and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a case-control study nested within the European...

Expression of the invasion/metastasis suppressor, E-cadherin, is dimin ished or lost in thyroid carcinomas. Yet, mutational inactivation of I'.cadherin is rare. Herein, we show that this loss is associated with hypermethylation of the E-cadherin 5' CpG island in a panel of human thyroid cancer cell lines. This aberrant methylation is evident in 83% of papillary thyroid carcinoma, 11 % of follic...