Landscape and building-painting as a genre is one of the many features of Iranian painting in the last years of the Qajar and the first years of the Pahlavi era. This paper explains the relation between these painting as the particular, following the domination of the discourse of nationalism as the general. To reason this idea and to explain the relationship between these two, Georg Lukács the...

Having studied mathematics and mining engineering abroad, Mirza Nazem was one of the first Iranian scholars in Europe and a very successful technocrat of Qajar era. He was a man of discipline and sheer will who was very professional in his field of action and enjoyed writing. He was also trusted by both Naser al-Din Shah and Mozaffar al-Din Shah, which allowed him to gain numerous administrativ...

hossein qoli khan llkhani bakhtiari was murdered based on an order given by naser-ai-din shah and his son, zel-ai-sultan. prince farhad mirza mot'amed-ai-dowle, governor of fars had a major hand in the slain. it is believed he had animosities with the llkhani bakhtiari therefore stirring the qajar king against him. differences between qashgaiee, bakhtiari tribes and falard ownership was th...

abbas khan chenari, was one of the military and tribal statesmen in asad abad, hamedan, in naseri and mozaffari era. this article discusses abbas khan's political and military performances in the events of his time. after describing his role in road-guarding and salty of trade-roads in hamedan and lhc weal of iran, the paper goes on to explain the reasons for abbas khan’s discontentment an...

concubine of naser-ai-din shah, monir-ai-saltane, gave birth to kamran mirza nayeb-ai-saltane in 1856, she was a talented lady. every year in the birth anniversary of hazrat zahra (pbuh), monir arranged a splendid cer­emony. kamran mirza was chosen as viceroy to naser-ai-din shah's regin, when he was three. again, in 1861, six-year-old k amran appointed to tehran's governorship. in 18...