The major problem with ventilation distribution calculations using DIR and 4DCT is the motion artifacts in 4DCT. Quite often not all phases would exhibit mushroom motion artifacts. If the ventilation series similarity is sufficiently robust, the ventilation distribution can be calculated using only the artifact-free phases. This study investigated the ventilation similarity among the data deriv...

A variety of ethical positions consider that the ability of an individual to be aware of what befalls him or her —in a more o less complex manner— is the indispensable attribute for that being to be per se morally considered. Nowadays, nevertheless, we lack a direct method to identify the ability of an individual to be conscious and, therefore, to corroborate the belief that certain beings —man...

The conventional Lie group approach is extended successfully to give out the group explanation to the new conditional similarity reductions obtained by modifying the Clarkson and Kruskal's (CK's) direct method for the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation.

In this paper, we introduce and analyze two structured models for the transmission of a vector-borne infectious disease. The first of these models assumes that the level of contagiousness and the rate of removal (recovery) of infected individuals depends on the infection age. In the second model the hosts population is structured with respect to the physical age of the hosts, and the susceptibi...

We find the group of equivalence transformations for equations of the form y′′ = A(x)y′ +F(y), where A and F are arbitrary functions. We then give a complete group classification of these families of equations, using a direct method of analysis, together with the equivalence transformations.

We study the special algebraic properties of alternating 3-forms in 6 and 7 dimensions and introduce a diffeomorphism-invariant functional on the space of differential 3-forms on a closed manifold M in these dimensions. Restricting the functional to a de Rham cohomology class in H3(M,R), we find that a critical point which is generic in a suitable sense defines in the 6-dimensional case a compl...

In this paper we consider the problem of locating a small three-dimensional elastic inclusion, using arrays of elastic source transmitters and receivers. This procedure yields the multi-static response matrix that is characteristic of the elastic inclusion. We show how the eigenvalue structure of this matrix can be employed within the framework of a non-iterative method of MUSIC (standing for M...

A direct method for the regioselective construction of benzimidazolones is reported wherein a single palladium catalyst is employed to couple monosubstituted urea substrates with differentially substituted 1,2-dihaloaromatic systems. In this method, the catalyst is able to promote a cascade of two discrete chemoselective C-N bond-forming processes that allows the highly selective and predictabl...