conclusions it seems that considering to a high rate of unemployment of university graduates and available restrictions of employment in the public and private organizations, applicants tend to enter the dental field because of the reliable and independent income and high social status which can be considered as the most important influential factors for choosing this field of study. results re...

Concerns around disparities in suspensions and expulsions from schools the United States have resulted a concerted effort to reduce use of exclusionary school discipline. In this article, authors describe trends discipline Indiana Oregon, two U.S. states with different policy climates. The findings point substantial decline other forms both states. further find that racial socioeconomic recentl...

Some innovations spring from a flash of genius. But as Peter Drucker points out in this HBR Classic, most result from a conscious, purposeful search for opportunities. For managers seeking innovation, engaging in disciplined work is more important than having an entrepreneurial personality. Writing originally in the May-June 1985 issue, Drucker describes the major sources of opportunities for i...

difficulties, which is in use in many settings in America. English readers are probably familiar with the various techniques though they may not have regarded them as so scientific or as the peculiar perquisite of one person, the counsellor. But reports from the United States leave no doubt that the office of counsellors is a most useful one in industry, and where human relations are poor the c...

Despite the evident progress in the evolution of formal methh ods, they are still very diicult to use. One reason is the lack of paradigms explaining how to make a good use of a particular method. We try to explain some of these paradigms in the case of the B method and exemm plify them in the speciication and the implementation of an Automatic Teller machine.

When advising families about discipline strategies, pediatricians should use a comprehensive approach that includes consideration of the parent–child relationship, reinforcement of desired behaviors, and consequences for negative behaviors. Corporal punishment is of limited effectiveness and has potentially deleterious side effects. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents be ...

Making your colleagues the subjects of your research might be a poor career decision. Research creates a clear division between the observers and the observed—in a moment, researchers go from being equal colleagues to detached scholars, retreating into their own worlds and losing their collegial connections to the eld. Yet, systematically studying computer science might help us understand how s...

This study examined childhood antecedents and developmental outcomes associated with trajectories of mild and harsh parental physical discipline. Interview, questionnaire, and observational data were available from 499 children followed from age 5 to 16 and from 258 children in an independent sample followed from age 5 to 15. Analyses indicated distinct physical discipline trajectory groups tha...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Multiple disciplinary efforts are increasingly encouraged in health research, services, education and policy. This paper is the third in a series. The first discussed the definitions, objectives, and evidence of effectiveness of multiple disciplinary teamwork. The second examined the promoters, barriers, and ways to enhance such teamwork. This paper addresses the questions of...