David Parnas wrote several papers in the 1970’s and 1980’s that are now considered classics. The concepts he advocated such as information hiding and use of abstract interfaces are generally accepted as the appropriate way to design nontrivial software systems. However, not all of what he proposed has been fully appreciated and assimilated into our practices. Many of his simple, elegant ideas h...

Hydrolytic cleavage of large, inert proteins into smaller, active products is a common event in biology. The active products usually enjoy brief useful lifespans before they themselves are cleaved into inactive fragments. Prototypic participants in this process include clotting factors, complement, and digestive enzymes. Angiotensin II (Ang II) was the first polypeptide hormone recognized as th...

UNLABELLED European family medicine/general practice (FM/GP) has travelled the long and successful journey of profiling the discipline and has produced valuable position papers on education and research. Nowadays, academic medicine is one of the pillars in the future development of FM/GP in Europe. A common European curriculum on undergraduate and postgraduate family medicine is needed. Also, a...

A family is described in which four members in three generations showed evidence of crystal deposition disease: two developed calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition, one calcific periarthritis, and one mixed crystal deposition disease (gout + chondrocalcinosis). This previously undescribed observation supports a possible role for nonspecific heritable connective tissue factor...

Designs methods and approaches are growing in popularity across disci- plines, however, definitions often absent, hidden or superficial with designers missing from the research team. The conveners argue that this endangers design to be misused devalued. This conversation questioned, what is current state of de- sign how they could developed a perspective rigour im- pact. Points tension were dis...

We propose a direct measure of altruism between parents and adult children, using survey data on happiness from the German Socio-Economic Panel for the years 2000–2004. The question of altruism within families has policy relevance, for example, to understand whether public transfers crowd out private ones. Previous empirical evidence, based on observed transfer behavior, has failed to establish...

Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) are a diverse group of signaling molecules that function in a wide range of cellular roles, from the inhibition of caspases to the promotion of cell-cycle progression. These diverse functions may well be linked to the many different domains that are contained within different proteins in the family. IAP family members were first described as inhibitors of apoptosi...

Creative teamwork in multidisciplinary teams is a topic of interest to cognitive psychologists on the one hand, and to both social and organizational psychologists on the other. However, the interconnections between cognitive and social layers have been rarely explored. Drawing on mental models and dissonance theories, the current study takes a central variable studied by cognitive psychologist...

OBJECTIVE To describe the knowledge of, and experience with, the Interest Group in Family Medicine (IgFM) at the University of Toronto, among undergraduate medical students; to explore the effects of the IgFM on undergraduate medical students; and to help determine future directions for the IgFM and other family medicine interest groups in Canada. DESIGN Qualitative descriptive design and foc...