Background: Adjuvant therapy after breast cancer surgery decreases recurrence and increases survival, yet not all women receive and complete it. Previous research has suggested that distrust in medical institutions plays a role in who initiates adjuvant treatment, but has not assessed treatment completion, nor the potential mediating role of physician distrust.Methods: Women listed in Pennsylva...

BACKGROUND Discordance of birth weight has been observed in twin pairs, though little is known about prenatal and early neonatal discordance of head and brain size, and the role that zygosity and chorionicity play in discordances of early brain development in twins. AIMS To compare prenatal and neonatal discordances of head size in monozygotic-monochorionic (MZ-MC), monozygotic-dichorionic (M...

Aim: Frozen section is a highly accurate and useful procedure wherein knowledge of the clinical presentation, good rapport with the operating surgeon, pathologist’s experience and in depth knowledge of the subject, awareness of the limitations of the procedure, ability to provide a rapid and reliable diagnosis under pressure are of great importance. The correlation between intra operative froze...

Both gene-tree discordance and unrecognized diversity are sources of error for accurate estimation of species trees, and can affect downstream diversification analyses by obscuring the correct number of nodes, their density, and the lengths of the branches subtending them. Although the theoretical impact of gene-tree discordance on evolutionary analyses has been examined previously, the effect ...

BACKGROUND Tumor phenotype may change during breast cancer progression. This study evaluates the prognostic impact of receptor discordance between paired primaries and recurrences. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty-nine patients underwent histological sampling of suspected breast cancer recurrence. All the pathology assessments [ER, PgR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (...

BACKGROUND Birthweight differences in twin pairs influence their perinatal outcome as well as growth and development. Growth-discordant twins have not been well characterized in our local environment. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of birthweight discordance in live-born twin pairs and document some factors that may influence it. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 104 live-born tw...

BACKGROUND In twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), the donor and recipient fetus are exposed to differing volume loads and show discordant intertwin vascular compliance in childhood despite identical genotype. We hypothesized that discordance is prevented by intrauterine endoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses, which abolishes intertwin transfusion. We tested this by examining puls...

Outranking relations such as produced by the Electre I or II or the Tactic methods are based on a concordance and non-discordance principle that leads to declaring that an alternative is “superior” to another, if the coalition of attributes supporting this proposition is “sufficiently important” (concordance condition) and if there is no attribute that “strongly rejects” it (non-discordance con...

OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the association between placental histological abnormalities and birthweight discordance and growth restriction in twin pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN We performed a multicenter, prospective study of twin pregnancies. Placentas were examined for evidence of infarction, retroplacental hemorrhage, chorangioma, subchorial fibrin, or abnormal villus maturation. Associat...

To compare BRAF V600E status of primarymelanoma and brainmetastases to assess for discordance by cross-sectional study, and to evaluate clinical implications on BRAF inhibitor therapy. Brain metastases are common in patients with advanced melanoma. Between 40% and 60% of melanomas demonstrate BRAF mutations, BRAF V600E being most common. Selective BRAF inhibitor therapy has shown improvement in...