In the last two decades, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has shown great potential as a powerful and cost-efficient tool to troubleshoot existing disinfection contactors and improve future designs for water treatment industry. However, numerous challenges in the simulation of water disinfection processes still remain. This review summarizes past CFD studies of the hydraulic and associated di...

The role of disinfection in infection prevention has been analyzed over the past 50 years both in the form of benefit-risk evaluations as well as in an epidemiological sense. This has served as the basis for not only national and international guidelines and recommendations, but has also created the legal and normative framework for regulation of infection control (and hence of disinfection) in...

Wastewater treatment plants in Ohio and elsewhere in the U.S. operating with MBR systems are required to disinfect permeate. This requirement results in an increased cost to both capital and O&M, and with chlorination there is a potential increase in the formation of disinfection byproducts. Disinfection following MBR treatment may not be needed if the MBR process alone removes microorganisms a...

BACKGROUND Biofilms are composed of communities of micro-organisms adhering to essentially any surface. We evaluated whether biofilm formation in the hydraulic circuit of a purposely contaminated haemodialysis monitor would modify the efficacy of different disinfection modalities against bacteria and endotoxin concentrations. METHODS A water-borne Pseudomonas aeruginosa (109) suspension was r...

Cleaning and disinfection practices of environmental surfaces are critical interventions for reducing health care-associated infections. We studied the value of ready-to-use cleaning and disinfection wipes compared with the traditional towel and bucket method. When using ready-to-use wipes, we found compliance to be significantly higher, a more rapid cleaning and disinfection process, and poten...

BACKGROUND Postoperative surgical site infections (SSI) are the third most common health care associated infection. Even though several studies have pointed out the benefits of disinfection showers prior to surgery in order to reduce SSI, it remains unclear how to optimize this disinfection procedure. AIM To find evidence for how many times preoperative disinfection showers should be performe...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of photocatalytic ionisation as a disinfection method for filter materials contaminated by microorganisms, and to assess how air relative humidity (RH), time and microbe type influence the effectiveness of this disinfection. In the quantitative analysis of a used car air filter, bacterial contamination equalled 1.2 x 10(5) cfu/cm2, fu...

Efficiency of solar based disinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in rooftop harvested rainwater was evaluated aiming the potability of rainwater. The rainwater samples were exposed to direct sunlight for about 8-9 hours and the effects of water temperature (°C), sunlight irradiance (W/m2), different rear surfaces of polyethylene terephthalate bottles, variable microbial concentr...

The usually recommended terminal disinfection by formaldehyde vapor is unable to completely inactivate vaccinia viruses embedded in scabs. In view of our results, we recommend doubling the concentration of formaldehyde (10 g of formaldehyde per m3 of space) and prolonging the time of exposure to 24 h for terminal disinfection in the case of smallpox. Subsequent disinfection by scrubbing assumes...

PURPOSE To compare the effect of sodium hypochlorite and microwave disinfection on the dimensional stability of denture bases without and with relining. MATERIALS AND METHODS A brass die was prepared by simulating an edentulous maxillary arch. It was used to fabricate 1.5 mm and 3 mm of thickness denture bases (n = 40). The 1.5 mm of thickness-specimens (n = 20) were relined with 1.5 mm of au...