INTRODUCTION Routine immunization is a key child survival intervention. Issues related to quality of service delivery pose operational challenges in delivering effective immunization services. Accumulated evidences suggest that "supportive supervision" improves the quality of health care services. During 2009-10, Govt. of Odisha (GoO) and UNICEF jointly piloted this strategy in four districts t...

BACKGROUND Numerous area-based initiatives have been implemented in deprived areas across Western-Europe with the aim to improve the socio-economic and environmental conditions in these areas. Only few of these initiatives have been scientifically evaluated for their impact on key social determinants of health, like perceived area safety. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of a Du...

While millings materials from old pavement surface can be an important component of cost effective maintenance operation, their use in maintenance projects are not uniform and well documented. This study documents the different maintenance practices followed by four transportation districts of New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) in an attempt to find whether millings are being used ...

Background: Health is an essential component of human rights and the rights are interdependent, indivisible, and correlated. The present study aimed at codifying a multidimensional health index according to multistage index development and describing the status of this index in 22 municipal districts of Tehran. Methods: This study was conducted using the data collected in the second round of Ur...

Introduction Infant and maternal deaths are highly under-reported in the state. Incentives are given to the community to encourage reporting of infant and maternal deaths but this has not helped much. Consequently infant mortality rate (IMR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) reported by various districts are low and are not comparable to surveys such as the sample registration survey (SRS) or ...

1World Health Organization, Polio Eradication Initiative, Islamabad, Pakistan (Consultant, 2001). 2World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3National Institutes of Health, Expanded Programme on Immunization, Islamabad, Pakistan, Received: 31/03/03; accepted: 14/01/04 ABSTRACT We sought to identify factors associated with being a reservoir district for wild poliovirus in Pakistan. Differe...

BACKGROUND Avahan, the India AIDS initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, was a large-scale, targeted HIV prevention intervention. We aimed to assess its overall effectiveness by estimating the number and proportion of HIV infections averted across Avahan districts, following the causal pathway of the intervention. METHODS We created a mathematical model of HIV transmission in high...

The Maori of the Fleet, arriving in New Zealand some six hundred years ago, brought with them a number of tropical food plants which they were able to grow in warmer districts, clearing areas of forest to provide planting sites (Taylor 1958). As the native population increased in size so did their impact on the forests, particularly in northern districts where the greater part of postfleet popu...

This study focused on the structure and the platform of the road space of historic districts. We analyzed the road networks of 16 historic districts in Japan from the perspectives of circularity, accessibility and indirection based on graph theory. By calculating and comparing the indexes of each road network (NW1 and NW2) forms, we quantitatively describe the effects of the main prefectural ro...

Economic development in Uttarakhand, a state in India has accelerated in the last decade however; the progress is largely confined to the plains. The study attempts to analyze district level economic disparities in Uttarakhand. The six key economic development variables namely, per capita income, infrastructure, health, education, industrial employment and tourism have been examined and modeled...