Objective: Preterm infants (PI) are at increased risk of developing metabolic bone disease (MBD).This study assessed the association diuretics for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with MBD. Study Design: This retrospective included ≤30 weeks gestation and birth weight ≤1500 grams. Infants were divided into diuretic group control group. Diuretic use was defined as hydrochlorothiazide spironolact...

The results and interpretations of the most recent controlled clinical trials on antihypertensive drugs have fuelled the debate about the drug that should be used to begin treatment for hypertension. Every comparison of diuretics with other drugs has shown that the benefits of diuretics are equivalent to, or better than, other options. These findings, together with other practical reasons, such...

Although it is generally believed that the beneficial effect of loop diuretics is the result of a rapid increase in diuresis, substantial evidence, from a large number of in vitro and in vivo experiments, has accumulated showing that administration of furosemide causes direct vascular effects, which probably contribute to its acute clinical effects. Several mechanisms are involved in the vascul...

There have been many studies which suggest that patients with heart failure were potassium depleted. This depletion has been attributed to the use of potent diuretics, and these are now given with either potassium supplements or potassium-retaining diuretics. A detailed examination of the studies suggests that the reported decrease in body potassium compared with the results in healthy persons ...

A combined lecture and laboratory experience was designed to enhance medical school students' understanding of the physiological basis of diuretic therapy. Studies are performed by students in anesthetized dogs to determine the effects of four clinically useful diuretics on renal function. The objective of the experience is to 1) learn the mechanisms of action, clinical indications, and adverse...

Sodium and potassium levels in plasma and leucocytes and the sodium efflux rate constants of leucocytes were measured in patients with congenital heart disease not on treatment, patients with valvular heart disease being treated with digoxin and conventional diuretics, and patients with valvular heart disease receiving digoxin and either conventional diuretics or triamterene or both. The group ...

Background: Diuretics are one of the widely used class drugs in various cardiovascular and other disorders. However, they can cause metabolic adverse effects, electrolyte imbalance being among important changes.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted which patients diagnosed with hypertension for at least month were included. Over a period 6 months enrolled irrespective whether taking di...

The Past In 1950, as a medical student, I first learned about the management of congestive HF from the first edition of Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine,1 which had just been published. Management consisted of strict bed rest, sedation, dietary sodium restriction, digitalis, venesection, and administration of morphine and mercurial diuretics; the latter were only modestly effective an...

Evidence-based heart failure management now includes beta-blockers and spironolactone in addition to diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. We aim to determine if these recommendations had been applied in practice for acute and chronic stable heart failure, and what difficulties there might be. Data from 80 consecutive patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure ('acu...