The present study evaluates immunogenicity and protection potency of a codon-optimized GRA1 DNA vaccine, wild type GRA1 DNA vaccine and an adjuvanted recombinant GRA1 protein vaccine candidate in BALB/c mice against lethal toxoplasmosis. Of the three GRA1 vaccines tested, the recombinant GRA1 protein vaccine results reveal significant increase in immune response and prolonged survival against a...

Euphorbia wallichii a perennial herb growing mainly in Himalayas has been widely used in folk medicines for its medicinal properties. In the present study, the crude methanolic root extract (CME) and its fractions; n-Hexane Fraction (NHF), n-Butanol Fraction (NBF), Chloroform Fraction (CHF), Ethyl acetate Fraction (EAF) and Aqueous Fraction (AQF) of this plant specie were investigated for antio...

Background: There has been a growing claim that cell phone usage may have a detrimental effect on sperm chromatin. Infertile men possess anomalies in the composition of their sperm nuclei, displaying higher levels of loosely packaged chromatin and damaged DNA. In this study we examined the relationship of cell phone radiation and the protection effect of alpha_tocopherol on human sperm DNA. Mat...

Euphorbia wallichii a perennial herb growing mainly in Himalayas has been widely used in folk medicines for its medicinal properties. In the present study, the crude methanolic root extract (CME) and its fractions; n-Hexane Fraction (NHF), n-Butanol Fraction (NBF), Chloroform Fraction (CHF), Ethyl acetate Fraction (EAF) and Aqueous Fraction (AQF) of this plant specie were investigated for antio...

Telomere homeostasis is controlled by both telomerase machinery and end protection. Telomere shortening induces DNA damage sensing kinases ATM/ATR for telomerase recruitment. Yet, whether telomere shortening also governs end protection is poorly understood. Here we discover that yeast ATM/ATR controls end protection. Rap1 is phosphorylated by Tel1 and Mec1 kinases at serine 731, and this regula...

Objective(s): Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), an intracellular pathogen, causes 1.5 million deaths globally. Bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is commonly administered to protect people against M. tuberculosis infection; however, there are some obstacles with this first-generation vaccine. DNA vaccines, the third generation vaccines, can induce cellular immun...

The restriction/modification system is considered to be the most common machinery of microorganisms for protection against bacteriophage infection. However, we found that mitomycin C induced Escherichia coli containing ColE7-K317 can confer limited protection against bacteriophage M13K07 and lambda infection. Our study showed that degree of protection is correlated with the expression level of ...

Protection against influenza virus infection and antibody responses in mice vaccinated with plasmid DNAs encoding haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and nucleoprotein (NP) were compared among BALB/c (H-2d), B10 (H-2b) and C3H (H-2k) mice. Mice were inoculated with each DNA construct twice, 3 weeks apart, at a dose of 1 microg per mouse by particle-mediated DNA transfer (gene gun) to the ep...

background: leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and sub tropical coun­tries. many attempts have been made and different strategies have been approached to develop a potent vaccine against leishmania . dna immunisation is a method, which is shown to be effec­tive in leishmania vaccination. leishmania soluble antigen (sla) has also recently been used leishmania vaccination....

Telomeres and tumor suppressor protein TP53 (p53) function in genome protection, but a direct role of p53 at telomeres has not yet been described. Here, we have identified non-canonical p53-binding sites within the human subtelomeres that suppress the accumulation of DNA damage at telomeric repeat DNA. These non-canonical subtelomeric p53-binding sites conferred transcription enhancer-like func...