Given a sequence of samples from an unknown probability distribution, a statistical estimator aims at providing an approximate guess of the distribution by utilizing statistics from the samples. One desired property of an estimator is that its guess approaches the unknown distribution as the sample sequence grows large. Mathematically speaking, this property is called consistency. This thesis p...

In Data Oriented Parsing (DOP), an annotated corpus is used as a stochastic grammar. An input string is parsed by combining subtrees from the corpus. As a consequence, one parse tree can usually be generated by several derivations that involve different subtrces. This leads to a statistics where the probability of a parse is equal to the sum of the probabilities of all its derivations. In (Scha...

Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) is a probabilistic performance approach to parsing natural language. Several DOP models have been proposed since it was introduced by Scha (1990), achieving promising results. One important feature of these models is the probability estimation procedure. Two major estimators have been put forward: Bod (1993) uses a relative frequency estimator; Bonnema (1999) adds a ...

Pyrite as a proxy for the redox states of bottom waters was evaluated in the context of modern salt marsh sediments. Two sites, 40m apart, with very different physicochemical properties were sampled seasonally. The sites differed from each other in (1) the amount of tidal flushing, (2) vegetation, (3) redox condition below the sediment–water interface, (4) carbon content and (5) solid phase iro...

We experimentally demonstrate that imaging of the degree of polarization (DOP) can be achieved from a single intensity image acquired under coherent illumination. This computational technique is based on the analysis of the speckle characteristics in a statistically homogeneous neighborhood of the pixel. Over a variety of samples obtained experimentally, we show that a simple calibration step a...

A detailed theoretical and experimental study on the effect of superposition uncorrelated speckle patterns with polarization diversity spatial statistics superposed pattern is presented. It shown that depending mutual orientation vectors constituent patterns, maximum degree coherence (DoC) (DoP) changes between a minimum value in sinusoidal fashion. Moreover, average intensity ratio also found ...

The Data-Oriented Translation (DOT) model – originally proposed in (Poutsma, 1998, 2003) and based on Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) (e.g. (Bod, Scha, & Sima’an, 2003)) – is best described as a hybrid model of translation as it combines examples, linguistic information and a statistical translation model. Although theoretically interesting, it inherits the computational complexity associated with ...

Finding the most probable parse tree in the framework of Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP), a Stochastic Tree Substitution Parsing scheme developed by R. Bod (Bod 92), has proven to be NP-hard in the most general case (Sima’an 96a). However, introducing some a priori restrictions on the choice of the elementary trees (i.e. grammar rules) leads to interesting DOP instances with polynomial time-complex...