We measured pools of dissolved phosphorus (P), including dissolved inorganic P (DIP), dissolved organic P (DOP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP)-hydrolyzable labile DOP (L-DOP), and kinetic parameters of AP activity (APA) in the euphotic zone in the western North Pacific Ocean. Samples were collected from one coastal station in Sagami Bay, Japan, and three offshore stations between the North Pacif...

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) represent themost abundant formof their respective nutrient pool in the surface layer of the oligotrophic oceans and play an important role in nutrient cycling and productivity. Since DOP is generally more labile than DON, it provides additional P that may stimulate growth of nitrogen-fixing diazotrophs that supply fixed nitrogen to balance ...

Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model to study the neuronal or molecular basis for behavioral choice, a specific form of decision-making. Although it has been implied that both D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors may contribute to the control of decision-making in mammals, the genetic interactions between D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors in regulating decision-making are still large...

Aim. The incidence of diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is increasing due to lack of effective management over the past few decades. This review aims to summarize traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) suitability in the pathogenesis and clinical and preclinical management of DOP. Methods. Literature sources used were from Medline (Pubmed), CNKI (China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database), and CSTJ (C...

The proper functioning of any biological system depends on the coordinated activity of its components. Regulation at the genetic level is, in many cases, effective in determining the cellular levels of system components. However, in cases where regulation at the genetic level is insufficient for attaining harmonic system function, posttranslational regulatory mechanisms are often used. Here, we...

We present an investigation into parsing the Penn Chinese Treebank using a DataOriented Parsing (DOP) approach. DOP comprises an experience-based approach to natural language parsing. Most published research in the DOP framework uses PStrees as its representation schema. Drawbacks of the DOP approach centre around issues of efficiency. We incorporate recent advances in DOP parsing techniques in...

Cellularisation of the Drosophila syncytial blastoderm embryo into the polarised blastoderm epithelium provides an excellent model with which to determine how cortical plasma membrane asymmetry is generated during development. Many components of the molecular machinery driving cellularisation have been identified, but cell signalling events acting at the onset of membrane asymmetry are poorly u...

Changes in the number of receptors on the cell surface lead to modulations of physiological functions and pharmacological responses of neurons. Recent studies show that delta-opioid peptide (DOP) and mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors have distinct subcellular localizations in neurons. In nociceptive small neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, DOP receptors are sorted into neuropeptide-containing ...

We demonstrate a coherent quantum measurement for the determination of the degree of polarization (DOP). This method allows us to measure the DOP in the presence of fast polarization state fluctuations, difficult to achieve with the typically used polarimetric technique. A good precision of the DOP measurements is obtained using eight type II nonlinear crystals assembled for spatial walk-off co...

In this paper we employ a most recent approach to Data Oriented Parsing (DOP), which has named Double-Dop, for Persian sentences. Like other DOP models, Double-Dop parser utilizes syntactic fragments of arbitrary size from a treebank to analyse new sentences, but it extracts a restricted yet representative subset of fragments. It uses only those which are encountered at least twice. The accurac...