Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) models of natural language propose that human language processing works with representations of concrete past language experiences rather than with abstract linguistic rules. These models operate by decomposing the given representations into fragments and recomposing those pieces to analyze new utterances. A probability model is used to select from all possible analy...

The degree of polarization (DoP) can be utilized as a detection statistic in the polarimetric radar to achieve target detection performance improvement. In this paper, a polarimetric radar model is established, which includes reflections from both target and clutter at first. Then, probability density functions (PDFs) of the estimated DoP are expressed in closed form, which is derived from join...

δ opioid peptide (DOP) receptors are considered a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease, although the use of DOP agonists may be limited by side effects, including convulsions. To circumvent this issue, we evaluated whether blockade of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) tone potentiated the antiparkinsonian effects of DOP agonists, thus allowing for reduction of their dosage. Systemic administr...

We previously found that dopamine signaling modulates the sensitivity of wild-type C. elegans to the aversive odorant 1-octanol. C. elegans lacking the CAT-2 tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme, which is required for dopamine biosynthesis, are hypersensitive in their behavioral avoidance of dilute concentrations of octanol. Dopamine can also modulate the context-dependent response of C. elegans lacking...

Although phosphorus limitation is common in freshwaters and bacteria are known to use dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), little is known about how efficiently DOP compounds are taken up by individual bacterial taxa. Here, we assessed bacterial uptake of three model DOP substrates in two mountain lakes and examined whether DOP uptake followed concentration-dependent patterns. We determined bulk...

The degree of polarization (DOP) of luminescence of III-V materials is a sensitive function of the strain in the material. The DOP can be measured with a spatial resolution of roughly 1 μm and an rms noise equivalent to a strain difference of 2H10. The DOP can be measured on cleaved facets, surfaces free of metals, or luminescent layers buried by transparent materials or thin films. Thus maps o...

This paper describes the use of a multiple codebook SCHMM speaker verification system, which uses a novel technique for discriminative hidden Markov modelling known as discriminative observation probabilities (DOP). DOP can easily be added to a multiple codebook HMM system and require minimal additional computation and no additional training. The DOP technique can be applied to both speech and ...

The Data-Oriented Parsing Model (DOP, [1]; [2]) has been presented as a promising paradigm for NLP. It has also been used as a basis for Machine Translation (MT) — Data-Oriented TVanslation (DOT, [9]). Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG, [5]) has also been used for MT ([6]). LFG has recently been allied to DOP to produce a new LFG-DOP model ([3]) which improves the robustness of LFG. We summarize ...

The degree of polarization (DOP) of laser-speckle fields, where the speckles were generated by a polarized laser beam incident upon two kinds of samples: ground glass and wax, was investigated within a single coherence area as well as over multiple coherence areas. For the surface-scattering ground glass, the incident polarization state was preserved in the speckle field, and hence the DOP rema...

Cellularisation of the Drosophila syncytial blastoderm embryo into the polarised blastoderm epithelium provides an excellent model with which to determine how cortical plasma membrane asymmetry is generated during development. Many components of the molecular machinerydrivingcellularisationhavebeen identified, but cell signalling events acting at the onset of membrane asymmetry are poorly under...