The reinforcing properties of cocaine have been related to increased extracellular concentrations of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) on dopamine cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) facilitate mesoaccumbens dopamine transmission and are critically involved in mediating natural and drug reinforcement. We investigated the effects of pha...

Many behavioral functions-including sensorimotor, attentional, memory, and emotional processes-have been associated with hippocampal processes and with dopamine transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). This suggests a functional interaction between hippocampus and prefrontal dopamine. The anatomical substrate for such an interaction is the intimate interconnection between the ventra...

The mechanism of copper (Cu) neurotoxicity was studied in the RCSN-3 neuronal dopaminergic cell line, derived from substantia nigra of an adult rat. The formation of a Cu-dopamine complex was accompanied by oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome. We found that the Cu-dopamine complex mediates the uptake of (64)CuSO(4) into the Raúl Caviedes substantia nigra-clone 3 (RCSN3) cells, and it is inhibi...

Dopamine signaling modulates voluntary movement and reward-driven behaviors by acting through G protein-coupled receptors in striatal neurons, and defects in dopamine signaling underlie Parkinson's disease and drug addiction. Despite the importance of understanding how dopamine modifies the activity of striatal neurons to control basal ganglia output, the molecular mechanisms that control dopam...

(Neuron 106, 498–514.e1–e8, May 6, 2020) In the original version of this paper, representative heatmap in lower panel Figure 5B was incorrectly presented as duplicate upper panel. The online figure has been updated with correct data. This mistake does not affect any other data and analysis paper. There is no associated change to text. authors apologize for error. Raphe Dopamine System Controls ...

In this study, microbial production of L-Dopa and Dopamine which is an important substrance for the treatment Parkinson's disease were investigated by using Citrobacter freundii (NRRL B-2643). The effects carbon source (sucrose) and, salt concentrations (NaCl, CaCl2), initial pH, temperature, inoculum level shaking speed on dopamine investigated. amounts extracellular L-dopa determined HPLC. Ma...

The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system contains both D1-like and D2-like receptors, has been connected to control of locomotor behavior. An apparent role for D1 and D2 receptors throughout the mesolimbic system in the alteration of locomotor behavior has been demonstrated in pharmacological studies. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is comprised of a core and a shell subregion, which is a component of t...

The regulation of dendritic dopamine release in the substantia nigra (SN) likely involves multiple mechanisms. GABA and glutamate inputs to nigrostriatal dopamine neurons exert powerful influences on dopamine neuron physiology; therefore, it is probable that GABA and glutamate likewise influence dendritic dopamine release, at least under some conditions. The present studies used in vivo microdi...

a bstract background: medication errors and adverse drug events of high alert medication are one of the major problems in therapeutic system. the purpose of the present study was to investigate ‎the effect of clinical supervision model on high alert medication safety in intensive care units nurses. materials and methods: this was a quasi-experimental study conducted on 32 nurses of intensive ca...