Concern for the health of athletes and integrity of sport resulted in the banning of specific substances although many years passed before analytical testing took place. Soon doping control programmes became synonymous with urine tests and adverse analytical findings. This system has its limits due to the detection window of prohibited substances, the timing of sample collections and the sophis...

Objectives: Doping use is seldom an accident – it is a deliberate action often requiring considerable commitment. Attitudes are known to influence this type of action and hence they are likely to be predictive of doping-related behaviours. To measure ‘doping attitude’, a valid and reliable tool is

A new type of doped Cd:In2S3 NC, which exhibits bright white-light emission with a QY of about 18%, synthesized by a one-pot G-doping synthesis approach is presented. The successful realization of temporal separation of nucleation doping and growth doping makes this approach a facile method to synthesize the In2S3/Cd:In2S3 core/shell nanostructure.

PURPOSE This study assessed, for the first time, prevalence estimates for physical and cognitive doping within a single collective of athletes using the randomized response technique (RRT). Furthermore, associations between the use of legal and freely available substances to improve physical and cognitive performance (enhancement) and illicit or banned substances to improve physical and cogniti...

BACKGROUND The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is introducing enhancements to doping investigations in its 2015 Code, which include improved sharing of information between antidoping organisations (including sporting bodies) and enhanced accountability of athlete support staff. These additions will improve the control of links between sports doping and organised crime. In February 2013 the Aust...

We use ab initio density functional calculations to study the effect of electron and hole doping on the equilibrium geometry and electronic structure of C, Si, and S monatomic wires. Independent of doping, all these nanowires are found to be metallic. In absence of doping, C wires are straight, whereas Si and S wires display a zigzag structure. Besides two preferred bond angles of 60° and 120° ...

Well-behaved and reproducible n-type doping of Si and Sir -$e, by phosphine during gas-source molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated. No significant reduction of growth rate of these materials in the presence of phosphine is recorded in the doping range of 1017-10’9 cmp3 and perfect surface morphologies are observed. The incorporated P atoms are fully activated without ex situ annealing. The do...

The development and application of nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is handicapped by the low hole conductivity of Mg-doped layers. Mg-doping becomes increasingly difficult with higher Al-content of the p-AlGaN layers as required for ultraviolet (UV) light emission. Polarization-induced hole doping of graded AlGaN was recently demonstrated as an alternative doping method. Using advanc...

A software has been developed that is aimed at quantitative analysis of images acquired by isoelectric focusing and double blotting procedures used for recombinant erythropoietin doping control. It represents a unified and easy-to-use tool for Epo doping experts in WADA accredited laboratories. It is based on image segmentation philosophy that enables identification of individual bands whose ch...

We investigate the evolution of the Raman spectrum of defected graphene as a function of doping. Polymer electrolyte gating allows us to move the Fermi level up to 0.7 eV, as directly monitored by in situ Hall-effect measurements. For a given number of defects, we find that the intensities of the D and D' peaks decrease with increasing doping. We assign this to an increased total scattering rat...