BACKGROUND Doping attitude is a key variable in predicting athletes' intention to use forbidden performance enhancing drugs. Indirect reaction-time based attitude tests, such as the implicit association test, conceal the ultimate goal of measurement from the participant better than questionnaires. Indirect tests are especially useful when socially sensitive constructs such as attitudes towards ...

BACKGROUND Social science studies of doping practices in sport rely predominantly on self-reports. Studies of psychoactive drug use indicate that self-reporting is characterised by under-reporting. Likewise doping practice is likely to be equally under-reported, if not more so. This calls for more sophisticated methods for such reporting and for independent, objective validation of its results....

BACKGROUND Despite the development of advanced drug testing systems, both deliberate and inadvertent doping in sports is increasing in elite, amateur and school sports. As a result, alternative approaches that seek to influence an athlete's attitudes are needed to address the growing doping concerns that threaten both the health and well being of the athlete as well as the legitimacy of the spo...

Nutrition and doping issues are rarely studied in the sport of tennis. The aims of this investigation were to determine knowledge on doping (KD) and knowledge on sport nutrition (KSN), and corresponding socio-demographic-, sport-, and sport-nutrition- and doping-factors among an international sample of high-level tennis players of both sexes (43 females; 22 years old on average). In the first p...

Surface charge transfer is presented as an effective doping technique for III−V nanostructures. We generalize that the technique is applicable to nanoscale semiconductors in the limit where carriers are quantum confined. As a proof-of-concept, potassium surface charge transfer doping is carried out for one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) InAs on Si/SiO2 substrates. Experiments and sim...

OBJECTIVES To examine the attitudes to, and knowledge of, doping in sport of French general practitioners (GPs), and their contact with drug taking athletes on an everyday basis. METHODS A total of 402 GPs were randomly selected from all over France and interviewed by telephone, using a prepared script. RESULTS The response rate was 50.5% (153 men and 49 women; mean (SD) age 45.6 (5.6) year...

BACKGROUND There is a growing body of empirical evidence on demographic and psychosocial predictors of doping intentions and behaviors utilizing a variety of variables and conceptual models. However, to date there has been no attempt to quantitatively synthesize the available evidence and identify the strongest predictors of doping. OBJECTIVES Using meta-analysis, we aimed to (i) determine ef...

In high-transition-temperature superconducting cuprates and iron arsenides, chemical doping plays an important role in inducing superconductivity. Whereas in the cuprate case, the dominant role of doping is to inject charge carriers, the role for the iron arsenides is complex owing to carrier multiplicity and the diversity of doping. Here, we present a comparative study of the in-plane resistiv...