Although nutrition and doping are important factors in sports, neither is often investigated in synchronized swimming (Synchro).This study aimed to define and compare Synchro athletes and their coaches on their knowledge of sports nutrition (KSN)and knowledge of doping (KD); and to study factors related to KSN and KD in each of these groups. Additionally, the KSNand KD questionnaires were evalu...

Performance profiling is a new area of research that could potentially open new frontiers in the fight against doping. Even beyond exposing unnatural and pharmacology aided performances, there are other potential applications and benefits of performance modeling for the protection of the integrity of sports. The backbone of performance modeling in anti-doping is the individual tracking of perfo...

Objectives: Doping use is an ongoing concern in both competitive and recreational sports. The present study set out to investigate the effects of a self-affirmation intervention on the decision-making process relevant to doping among elite athletes who were doping users. Design: A between subject experimental design was employed. Method: Sixty competitive athletes using doping substances took p...

We exploited novel two-dimensional (2D) carbon selenide (CSe) with a structure analogous to phosphorene, and probed its electronics and optoelectronics. Calculating phonon spectra using the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) method indicated that 2D CSe possesses dynamic stability, which made it possible to tune and equip CSe with outstanding properties by way of X-doping (X = O, S, ...

Doping is widely known as the use of banned substances and practices by sports personnel particularly athletes in an attempt to improve sporting performances. There are at least two essential reasons to support the fight against doping: the depth of corruption on the ‘fair competition’the sine qua non of all sporting events, and the potential harmful effects on athletes. To ensure equal competi...

Background: In order to design effective and commonly accepted policies against Performance-Enhancing Drugs (PED), it is crucial to understand general attitudes towards doping in the population. Little is known about both attitudes toward doping, and the factors that shape such attitudes. Individual-level predictors of this study include age, gender, and whether respondents were former amateur ...

What determines species diversity is dramatic concern in science. Here we report the effect of doping on diversity in spatiotemporal rock-paper-scissors (RPS) games, which can be observed directly in ecological, biological and social systems in nature. Doping means that there exists some buffer patches which do not involve the main procession of the conflicts but occupied the game space. Quanti...

INTRODUCTION Since ancient times, competitive athletes have been familiar with the use of ergogenic aids and they will probably continue to use unfair and harmful substances in future, because their inclination to victory, along with the mirage of glory and money, will probably overcome health and legal risks. SOURCES OF DATA We searched PubMed using the term doping over the period 1990 to th...

the cu doped nio (nio:cu) nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method using nicl2.6h2o, cucl2.2h2o for ni and cu sources, respectively. sodium hydroxide has been used as a precipitator agent. effect of cu doping agent on the structural and optical properties of nanostructures were characterized by xrd, sem, afm, spectrophotometry, ftir and vsm techniques. xrd revealed that nio:cu ...