OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether smoking is a risk factor for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and to determine the relationship between the cumulative smoking dose and FSD in premenopausal women. METHODS The study population consisted of sexually active premenopausal women. The frequency of FSD and female sexual function index (FSFI) total score were evaluated according to the smoking status (ne...

To maintain a stable intracellular environment, cells utilize complex and specialized defense systems against a variety of external perturbations, such as electrophilic stress, heat shock, and hypoxia, etc. Irrespective of the type of stress, many adaptive mechanisms contributing to cellular homeostasis appear to operate through gene regulatory networks that are organized into negative feedback...

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and dose-response relationship of chronic periodontitis among smokers in Pakistan. METHODS   This is a cross-sectional study among participants seeking dental care in Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 443 participants with a mean age of 44.3 (±6.5) participated in the study from April 2011 to December 2011. Males comprised...

Gastric secretory dose-response studies, using an 8.5% mixed L-amino acid solution as the agonist, were carried out in three dogs with Heidenhain pouches and gastric fistulae. Secretory responses of the Heidenhain pouches were measured during two hour infusions of amino acids given at rates of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 g/kg/h and plasma amino nitrogen was measured before and during t...