In the recent years pulmonary drug delivery system is found to be preferred route of administration for various drugs. It has been divided into 3 classes: Nebulizers, pMDI, DPI.DPI are used as an alternative to pMDI because pMDI contains propellant (CFC) which has ozone depletion characteristics. DPI delivers medication in the form of dry powder to lungs. DPI is formulated either as a carrier b...

Repellency effect of turmeric and neem was investigated against the mite Necrobia sp. and field doses were determined on the basis of their repellency, keeping quality, insect occurrence and sensory evaluation of turmeric and neem treated dry fish and their cooked products. Turmeric and neem were used in three forms, viz., i. extract, ii. powder and iii. pellet. The concentrations tested for tu...

In this study, two types of biodegradable polycation (PAsp(DET) homopolymer and PEG-PAsp(DET) copolymer) were applied as vectors for inhalable dry gene powders prepared by spray freeze drying (SFD). The prepared dry gene powders had spherical and porous structures with a 5~10-μm diameter, and the integrity of plasmid DNA could be maintained during powder production. Furthermore, it was clarifie...

Background A dry powder inhaled formulation is used for the anti-influenza drug laninamivir octanoate hydrate (laninamivir). Although two successive inhalations (puffs) are recommended to minimize residual amounts of active ingredients, previous reports suggest that pediatric patients with low peak inspiratory flow are unable to inhale the active ingredient adequately. In the present study, we ...

BACKGROUND The performance of dry powder aerosol delivery systems depends not only on the powder formulation but also on the dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Effects of turbulence, grid, mouthpiece, inlet size, air flow, and capsule on the DPIs performance have been investigated previously. Considering powder dispersion in DPIs is a time-dependent process, the powder residence time in DPIs is suppos...

Nebulizers have been used clinically for many years. Despite the increasing use of metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers, it is likely that nebulizers will continue to be used in selected patients. A number of factors affect nebulizer performance, and these should be appreciated by clinicians who use these devices. Several new designs have recently become available that improve the perf...

Wet aerosols of 4.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) are often used to assess the bronchial responsiveness associated with asthma. We questioned whether dry NaCl could be used as an alternative. Dry powder NaCl was inhaled from capsules containing either 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg to a cumulative dose of 635 mg. The powder was delivered via an Inhalator or Halermatic. The airway sensitivity to the dry and wet N...

A correctly set up dry powder measurement using a laser diffraction particle size analyser is much easier to perform than measurement of wet suspensions. However, incorrect measurement set-up can lead to errors and inconsistencies. This article examines the key steps achieving successful dry to powder measurement. Issues examined include powder flowability and sampling, air pressure and sample ...