Forty patients undergoing routine bronchoscopy were randomised to receive inhaled micronised gentamicin powder (180 mg) or nebulised gentamicin solution (160 mg) one hour before the procedure. Similar levels of gentamicin were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the two groups (micronised powder (n = 20) 9.3 (SD 9.3) mg/l, nebulised solution (n = 20) 8.0 (7.8) mg/l). The micronised gent...

This study investigates the effect of air inlet size on (i) the flowfield generated in a dry powder inhaler, and (ii) the device-specific resistance, and the subsequent effect on powder deagglomeration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was used to simulate the flowfield generated in an Aerolizer with different air inlet sizes at 30, 45, and 60 l/min. Dispersion performance of the mod...

The effect of a new breath actuated dry powder inhaler, the Turbuhaler, was found to be reduced at inhalations slower than 28 1/minute. This flow rate could be generated by virtually all children aged greater than or equal to 6 years, by 42 of 57 children less than 6 years (74%), and by six of 15 preschool children with acute wheeze (40%).

Experiments were conducted to explore the use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Acari: Ixodidae) to different formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Initially, the relative efficacies of attraction-aggregation-attachment pheromone (AAAP), made up of o-nitrophenol, methyl salicyla...

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) offer distinct advantages as a means of pulmonary drug delivery and have attracted much attention in the field of pharmaceutical science. DPIs commonly contain micronized drug particles which, because of their cohesiveness and strong propensity to aggregate, have poor aerosolization performance. Thus carriers with a larger particle size are added to address this probl...

AIM To assess the proportion of patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with significant bronchoobstruction who do not have inspiratory flows necessary for the adequate use of dry powder inhaler (DPI) devices Diskus and Turbuhaler. PATIENTS AND METHODS multicentre cross-sectional study that included 400 patients with asthma or COPD (with FEV1 < 60%) aged 5-91 year...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmaceutical equivalence of a test formulation (fixed-dose combination of budesonide and formoterol fumarate in a single capsule dispensed in an Aerocaps® inhaler) in relation to a reference formulation (budesonide and formoterol fumarate in two separate capsules dispensed in an Aerolizer® inhaler). METHODS This was an in vitro study in which we performed the ident...

BACKGROUND Serious inhaler technique errors can impair drug delivery to the lungs. This randomised, crossover, open-label study evaluated the proportion of patients making predefined serious errors with Pulmojet compared with Diskus and Turbohaler dry powder inhalers. METHODS Patients ≥18 years old with asthma and/or COPD who were current users of an inhaler but naïve to the study devices wer...

This multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study was designed to characterize the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profile of single and once-daily repeat doses of vilanterol 25 µg in children aged 5-11 years. Twenty-eight children with persistent asthma received a single inhaled dose of vilanterol 25 µg or placebo via the ELLIPT...

Aerosolization efficiency is the key characteristic of dry powder inhaler (DPI). However, lack of knowledge about powder dispersion and deposition is still a major obstacle to further improve inhaler. In the current work, both the in vitro deposition experiments and numerical simulations were employed to investigate the performance of three different DPI channel designs. The powder model was co...