Current commercial polymer membranes have shown high performance and durability in water treatment, converting poor quality waters to higher quality suitable for drinking, agriculture and recycling. However, to extend the treatment into more challenging water sources containing abrasive particles, micro and ultrafiltration membranes with enhanced physical durability are highly desirable. This r...

Low durability is the major challenge hindering the large-scale implementation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology, and corrosion of carbon support materials of current catalysts is the main cause. Here, we describe the finding of remarkably high durability with the use of a novel support material. This material is based on hollow carbon nanocages developed with a high degr...

T paper models and quantifies the cost-savings potential of production systems that collect, remanufacture, and remarket end-of-use products as perfect substitutes while facing the fundamental supply-loop constraints of limited component durability and finite product life cycles. The results demonstrate the need to carefully coordinate production cost structure, collection rate, product life cy...

To assess the durability of structures, heat and moisture transport need to be analyzed. To provide a reliable estimation of heat and moisture distribution in a certain structure, one needs to include all available information about the loading conditions and material parameters. Moreover, the information should be accompanied by a corresponding evaluation of its credibility. Here, the Bayesian...

Academic dissertation To be presented, by permission of the Medical Faculty of the University of Helsinki for public examination in the lecture hall of Töölö Hospital,

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Background: The increase in R&D and upward trend of R&D/pharmaceutical sales has occurred despite government controlled pharmaceutical price reduction in Japan. This paper identifies the effect of the government’s price control policy on pharmaceutical innovation and evaluates the influence of new chemical entities (NCE) on health

This paper aims at investigating the influence of partial replacement of Portland cement with ultrafine fillers compared to limestone powder on the durability and mechanical characteristics of concrete. For this purpose, ultrafine calcium carbonate materials with different specific surface areas of 9.7 and 15.1 m2/g and limestone powder (0.72 m2/g) were used. The results indicate that the ultra...

Consumption is the principal feature of Iran’s Gross National Production. Therefore, recognizing of factors that influence it is quite crucial. This article, investigates habit formation, durability, relative risk aversion and intertemporal substitution in consumption expenditures of Iranian households. For empirical study, at first, we constructed two weighted portfolio of the main assets re...

This paper explains the procedure and results of an experiment on the relationship between the unconfined compressive strength and percent weight loss due to freeze and thaw durability test of laboratory compacted soil-cement specimens. The tests were carried out on soil cement mixtures of 10 different soil types. It was shown that the percent weight loss due to freeze and thaw durability test ...