We present a formal framework based on metric temporal logic (MTL) for specifying and verifying real-time systems with a continuous environment. Metric temporal logic is extended to allow speciication of properties about duration of system's states. We prove that every formula of the duration calculus (DC) can be translated into an equivalent MTL-R formula. Expressiveness of DC and MTL-R are co...

This research investigated the ability of subjects to detect small haptic effects, and the associated gains in task performance with various configurations of haptic stimulus. Variations in amplitude, shape, and pulse duration were studied. An adaptive thresholding method was used to obtain detection thresholds for actively explored haptic icons ranging in size from 3 to 5 mm, smooth vs rough a...

The paper presents a model of Biphase Mark Protocols (BMP) using Duration Calculus, which seems to be more general and more intuitive than the others in the literature 9]. With Duration Calculus we can model the behaviour of the bus in a natural way and in more detail. The model makes it possible to specify and verify BMP using PVS/DC ? 8] tool. The mechanical veriication not only ensures the c...

Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (ER-fMRI) involves the mapping of averaged hemodynamic changes resulting from repeated, brief (<3 sec) brain activation episodes. In this paper, two issues regarding constant-interstimulus interval ER-fMRI were addressed. First, the optimal interstimulus interval (ISI), given a stimulus duration (SD), was determined. Second, the statistical po...

Frequency-chirped free-electron lasers (FELs) are useful to generate a large photon bandwidth or a shorter xray pulse duration. In this paper, we present a threedimensional analysis of a high-gain FEL driven by the energy-chirped electron beam. We show that the FEL eigenmode equation is the same for a frequency-chirped FEL as for an undulator-tapered FEL. We study the transverse effects of such...

The classical interpolation theorem of Craig (cf. e.g. [ChK73]) states that if φ ⇒ ψ is a valid first order predicate logic formula, then there exists a first order formula θ built using only nonlogical symbols occurring in both φ and ψ and, possibly, equality, such that the formulas φ ⇒ θ and θ ⇒ ψ are valid too. A formula θ with this property is called an interpolant between φ and ψ. Similar ...

AbsfracfThis paper presents the results of average and impulsive noise measurements inside several office buildings and retail stores. The noise measurement system operated at 918 MHz, 2.44 GHz, and 4 GHz with a nominal 40 MHz 3 dB RF bandwidth. Omnidirectional and directional antennas were used to investigate the characteristics and sources of RF noise in indoor channels. Statistical analyses ...

Soft x-ray emission from plasmas produced by ablation from a magnesium target employing a ruby laser is studied using a grazing incidence spectrograph in the spectral region 3–12 nm. Emission intensities are investigated for different ionic lines as a function of position, time after the maximum of the laser pulse and laser irradiance. A gated pinhole camera is employed for studying the evoluti...

Duration Calculus (or DC in short) presents a formal notation to specify properties of real-time systems and a calculus to formally prove such properties. Decidability is the underlying foundation to automated reasoning. But, excepting some of its simple fragments, DC has been shown to be undecidable. DC takes the set of real numbers to represent time. The main reason of undecidability comes fr...

In this chapter we will present selected central elements in the theory of Duration Calculus and we will give examples of applications. The chapter will cover syntax, semantics and proof system for the basic logic. Furthermore, results on decidability, undecidability and model-checking will be presented. A few extensions of the basic calculus will be described, in particular, Hybrid Duration Ca...