The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of laser beam parameters on the mechanical and physical properties of cast commercially pure titanium. Dumbbell-shaped test specimens (ISO6871) were cast with ASTM grades 2 and 3 Ti. The cast surfaces were laser-treated with various laser emission parameters (current: 200, 220, and 240 A; spot diameter: 1.0, 1.6 mm; pulse duration: 10, 1...

It has been widely demonstrated that a prolonged adaptation to a relatively long or short stimulus leads to a robust repulsive duration aftereffect. However, little is known about the rapid adaptation to stimulus duration. In this study, we investigated whether the duration aftereffect could also be induced by short-term adaptation to stimuli of both sub- and supra-second durations. To control ...

Background and Purpose: Preoperative fast is the essential part of preoperative care for those patients who are candidates for elective surgery. Fast prolongation results in side effects such as: sweating, irritability, decrease in blood sugar and restlessness. Despite the noticeable changes in fasting guidelines and their application in many countries, it seems that in Iran, these rules are no...

Solid state thin film lithium microbatteries fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) are suggested. During deposition the following process parameters must be considered, which are laser energy and fluence, laser pulse duration, laser pulse frequency, target composition, background gasses, substrate temperature, target-substrate distance and orientation. The effects of the variations of the...

The Duration Calculus (DC) is an interval temporal logic for reasoning about real-time systems. This paper describes a tool for constructing DC speciications and checking DC proofs. The proof assistant is implemented by encoding the semantics of DC within the higher-order logic of a general-purpose speciication and veriication environment called PVS. We develop a Gentzen style sequent proof sys...

This paper compares the expressive power of first-order monadic logic of order, a fundamental formalism in mathematical logic and the theory of computation, with that of the Propositional version of Duration Calculus (PDC), a formalism for the specification of realtime systems. Our results show that the propositional duration calculus is expressively complete for first-order monadic logic of or...

We introduce a new class of automata which are tailored for dealing with real-time properties modelling the behaviour of Pro-grammable Logic Controllers (PLC) that are often used in practice to solve controlling problems. A semantics in an appropriate temporal logic (Duration Calculus) is given and an implementation schema is presented in a programming language for PLCs that ts the semantics. F...