We have derived the albedo (a) and phase function asymmetry factor (g) of interstellar dust grains at 11008 using archival Voyager observations of diffuse radiation in Ophiuchus. We have found that the grains are highly forwardscattering, with g 1⁄4 0:55 0:25 and a 1⁄4 0:40 0:10. Even though most of the gas in this direction is in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud, the diffuse FUV radiation is almo...

Organic matter in extraterrestrial materials has isotopic anomalies in hydrogen and nitrogen that suggest an origin in the presolar molecular cloud or perhaps in the protoplanetary disk. Interplanetary dust particles are generally regarded as the most primitive solar system matter available, in part because until recently they exhibited the most extreme isotope anomalies. However, we show that ...

Over the last two decades, there has come about a recognition that chaotic dynamics is pervasive in the solar system. We now understand that the orbits of small members of the solar system-asteroids, comets, and interplanetary dust-are chaotic and undergo large changes on geological time scales. Are the major planets' orbits also chaotic? The answer is not straightforward, and the subtleties ha...

This laboratory study examined the use of various wood materials as a carbon source in horizontal flow filters to denitrify nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) from a synthetic wastewater. The filter materials were: sawdust (Pinus radiata), sawdust and soil, sawdust and sand, and medium-chip wood chippings and sand. Two influent concentrations of NO3-N, 200 mg L(-1) and 60 mg L(-1), loaded at 2.9 to 19.4 ...

Dust storms are catastrophic natural disasters that beside other disasters frequency occur in the arid and semiaridregions worldwide. Drought occurrence, climate aridity, dryness of the Hamoun Lake cause strong winds to below.These conditions have been prepared for dust storms in Sistan region. The damages to Sistan society have beenmeasured using different criteria. The result shows that, peak...