in this paper, the main factors in the analysis of the railway concrete sleepers areinvestigated and new recommendations are made in order to improve the accuracy of the currentpractices in analysis of the railway track system. first, a comprehensive literature survey isconducted, then, fem models for a railway track system are developed and used to discuss andevaluate the assumptions commonly ...

Based on the damage mechanics theory, summarized a new dynamic reliability calculation method with explicit physical meaning, which is used for researching structural dynamic reliability on cyclic stress. By using of the model of stress-strength interference, ignoring the effects of erosion and aging on the strength degradation, only consider that the change of damage leads to the effective str...

[Purpose] Cigarette smoking increases oxidative stress, which is a risk factor for several diseases. Moreover, strenuous exercise has been shown to induce plasma and pulmonary oxidative stress in young cigarette smokers. However, no previous reports have demonstrated whether plasma and pulmonary oxidative stress occur after moderate-intensity exercise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to cl...

Failure analysis of fractured components provides some information about the causes and conditions of fracture. Fractography is an indispensable part of the failure analysis as it is usually the only means by which the failure mechanism can be established. By using fractography, some information such as component’s life, values of the stress intensity factor and the applied stress can be calcul...