Like all grasslands across North America, the distribution of desert grasslands has been reduced markedly, and remnants have been altered extensively by humans. In Arizona, NewMexico, Texas, USA, and in Mexico, desert grasslands have been invaded by dozens of non-native plants, especially perennial grasses that evolved in arid systems with similar climate and disturbance regimes. In desert gras...

Plant species composition, species abundances, and species richness were strongly recruitment limited in a 4-yr experiment in which seeds of up to 54 species were added to patches of native grassland. Four field seasons after a one-time addition of seed, many added species were still present and reproducing, with plots seeded at the highest rate having species richness that was 83% greater and ...

Soil salinity due to irrigation is a major constraint agriculture, particularly in arid and semi-arid zones, water scarcity high evaporation rates. Reducing fundamental objective for protecting the soil supporting agricultural production. The present study aimed empirically measure simulate with model, reduction Vertisol by cultivation of Echinochloa stagnina. Laboratory column experiments were...

Root discrimination of species is a pre-condition for studying belowground competition processes between crop and weed species. In this experiment, we tested Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT MIR)-attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy to discriminate roots of closely related crop and weed species grown in the greenhouse: maize/barnyard grass, barley/wild oat, wheat/blackgrass (Poaceae...

The Indonesian pastime of keeping wild birds as pets is threatening the long-term survival of many songbird species on the islands of Java and Bali. Here we present the results of a large-scale household survey of bird-keeping in the six largest cites of Java and Bali that investigates: (1) the scale and conservation significance of bird-keeping and (2) the relative merits of regulatory versus ...

Sagitaria trifolia, Alisma plantago-aquatica and Echinochloa spp. are among the most important damaging weeds in paddy fields. In this research, Alternaria pellucida was isolated from the weeds and then its pathogenicity effects was examined on these weeds and five other rice cultivars, including two bred (Sepidroud and Khazar) and three landraces (Ali Kazemi, Hashemi and Binam), in a completel...