the expansion of major cities regardless of the scientific planning principles has led to theemergence of negative urban development impacts in iran such as the degradation of natural resources andvarious forms of pollution. undoubtedly, urban rivers can enhance the ecological value of the earth to anoptimal extent. however, to benefit from these potentials, appropriate planning looks inevitabl...

Because species, populations and ecological processes occur at a range of spatial scales, it is vital to incorporate a multi-scale approach into an assessment of ecological condition and conservation measures (Poiani et al. 2000). This is consistent with the National Forest Management Act which requires the maintenance of viable and well distributed populations throughout all national forest la...

The present study sustainable management of Guilan Saravan Sylvan Park was planned. The used method in the form of decision support model in three10-year period was studied for parks of various states and with considering the economic, ecological and social criteria during the years 2008 to 2038. By using hierarchical fuzzy analysis method, the reaching to an optimal level of economic, ecologic...

Four heavy metals were measured in forty-nine topsoil samples collected fromagricultural areas in Siakh-Darengoun, Iran. The goals were to investigate soil spatialdistribution patterns of metals; their potential ecological risk; and sources. The Hakansonpotential ecological risk index and index of geo-accumulation (Igeo) were used forevaluating t...

Assessing non-material nature contributions to people has become one major challenge in biodiversity sciences. Among them, the aesthetic value of is strong importance as it contributes human well-being and increases collective willingness engage conservation efforts. Using endangered coralligenous reefs along French Mediterranean coastline a case study, we propose quantitative approach estimate...