OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an endoscopic versus microscopic approach to pituitary adenoma resection. STUDY DESIGN Markov decision tree economic evaluation. METHODS An economic evaluation using a Markov decision tree model was performed. The economic perspective was that of the healthcare third-party payer. Effectiveness and probability data were obtained fro...

3 C anada’s economy turned a corner in the 1990s. What happened? Most Canadians would give a lot of credit to the dramatic about face on the deficit in middecade. We finally began to live within our means; made room for taxes to be cut; and came to rely less on bureaucrats and more on entrepreneurs. Those who follow these issues more closely would also point to the Bank of Canada’s successful w...

Species in the genus Castanea Mill. are one of the worthwhile species in the Hyrcanian forest of west Guilan (N Iran) with low region such as Siahmazgi, Ghalerodkhan and Visrod. that do not have good condition by reason of human interfering and disease. They have varying economic importance as nut tree crops, therefore, DNA barcoding technique can be a straightforward method for taxonomic statu...

background non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is the most common form of liver disease in many parts of the world. objectives the aim of the present study was to identify the most important factors influencing nafld using a classification tree (ct) to predict the probability of nafld. patients and methods this cross-sectional study was conducted in kavar, a town in the south of fars prov...

Intra-specific competition of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) is a key factor for individual tree development. Liu and Burkhart (1994) indicated that at the seedling stage environmental gradients dominate on tree growth, where intraspecific competition dominate later stages of the stand. However, little information has been provided on how genetic material and intensive silviculture interactions af...

Urban green space is one of the important solicitude for urban planners and designers due to their effects on quality of life. This research used HPM model to estimate economic value of urban green space, in a case study of trees in Velenjak residential place, Tehran Metropolitan Area in Iran. View determined the spread tree on the public spaces and neighbourhoods improve residential lan...