The essence of the 21st century is knowledge economy. Knowledge has become the key resource of economic growth and social development. Construction industry is no exception. Because of information management. The only way to improve the level of construction project management is to set up a kind of effective knowledge accumulation mechanism. This paper first introduced the IFC standard and the...

A method of characteristics for steady-state transport calculations that can be applied to problems with a full and explicit 3D Cartesian system model has been implemented into the new code, MOCK-3D. Procedures for performing 3D ray-tracing are derived from methods that are employed in most lattice physics codes and simplifications to the discretized problem model minimize the expense associate...

Focused on the emerging conditions of industrial capitalism in Britain in their own time, the classical economists were able to provide an account of the broad forces that influence economic growth and of the mechanisms underlying the growth process. Accumulation and productive investment of a part of the social surplus in the form of profits were seen as the main driving force. Hence, changes ...

Taking countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), this paper analyzes factors affecting their software piracy rate (SPR) by taking into account several economic and technological variables. The empirical results show that per capita GDP (PerGDP), inflation, consumer prices (ICP), unemployment rate (UR), and high-technology exports (HTE) have positive correla...

Introduction: Over the past fifteen years, there has been a dramatic rise in the number and range of regional or preferential trade agreements (PTAs). 1 There is evidence to suggest that market driven regional trading blocs are emerging in the European neighbourhood, the Americas and East Asia. The US is actively pursuing FTA in the Americas and East and South-East Asia. The European Union (EU)...

This paper reviews the origin and operational definition of the optimum yield (0Y) concept and demonstrates how techniques of decision analysis can provide an analytical model for OY. The concept of OY was formalized as the guiding principle of fisheries management in the United States and Canada in 1976. The policies of both countries make it clear that a wide range of biological, economic, an...

This paper attempts to document and account for the long run evolution of inheritance. We find that in a country like France the annual flow of inheritance was about 20%-25% of national income between 1820 and 1910, down to less than 5% in 1950, and back up to about 15% by 2010. A simple theoretical model of wealth accumulation, growth and inheritance can fully account for the observed U-shaped...

Financial distress prediction (FDP) models are effective tools to prevent stakeholders from suffering economic loss. In the process of FDP, the misclassification cost of typeI error of the model is much higher than that of typeIIerror. Some FPD models based on single classifiers take the asymmetric costs into consideration, but the study on cost-sensitive ensemble approach for FDP is rarely exp...

In many growth models, economic growth arises from people creating ideas, and the long-run growth rate is the product of two terms: the effective number of researchers and their research productivity. We present a wide range of evidence from various industries, products, and firms showing that research effort is rising substantially while research productivity is declining sharply. A good examp...