Objective: Ecosystems with mixed species compared to the ones with pure compositions provide a broader range of options in the fields of biodiversity, conservation, protection and restoration. Nearly all forest plantations are established as monocultures, but research has shown that there are potential advantages to be gained by using carefully designed species mixtures in place of monocultures...

11 Organic tree fruit producers often rely on tillage in the tree row to control weeds and disrupt 12 rodent pest habitat. This inexpensive practice can potentially damage the trees’ trunk and roots, 13 thereby reducing yield and fruit quality. In contrast, mulching under the trees to suppress weeds 14 often improves tree performance but at a high initial installation cost, whereas flame weedin...

wood farming and especially poplar plantation is a key answer to the increasing demand of raw materials in wood and cellulosic industries. according to the diversity of wood applications, taking into account the wood quality and grading by wood farmers/buyers as well as its quantity can lead to an optimal management of production and consumption. in this regard, it is necessary to introduce and...

Z-Tree (Zurich Toolbox for Ready-made Economic Experiments) is a software for developing and conducting economic experiments. The software is stable and allows to program almost any kind of experiments in a short time. In this article, I present the guiding principles behind the software design, its features, and its limitations.

Prosopis cineraria is commonly known as Khejri,It is a Leguminous multipurpose tree.The tree prosopis have climatic adaptation so it can easily survive in a broad range of climatic variation.It is very useful tree and famous specially in desert area due to its spreadability and importance. It is also known as “Golden tree” or “Wonder tree” of the desert. Prosopis cineraria stem bark is useful i...

Tropical biodiversity is threatened by the expansion of oil-palm plantations. Reduced-impact farming systems such as agroforests, have been proposed to increase biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In regions where oil-palm plantations already dominate the landscape, this increase can only be achieved through systematic ecological restoration. However, our knowledge about the underlying ecol...

BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether it is possible to develop a spatiotemporal epidemic prediction model for cryptosporidiosis disease. This paper examined the impact of social economic and weather factors on cryptosporidiosis and explored the possibility of developing such a model using social economic and weather data in Queensland, Australia. METHODS Data on weather variables, notified c...