This paper presents conditions under which a causal interpretation can be given to the association between childhood parental employment and subsequent educational attainment of children. It is a parameter of a conditional demand function. Its estimation is complicated by endowment heterogeneity and by the fact that parents may compensate or reinforce children’s endowments relevant to education...

OBJECTIVE To identify clinical and demographic predictors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or reversion to normal cognition, and sustained MCI. METHODS In total, 74 baseline MCI subjects were retrospectively investigated and categorized into three subgroups: conversion to AD, sustained MCI, or reversion to normal cognition during one year. The clinica...

OBJECTIVE To investigate a life-span health-behavior mechanism relating childhood personality to adult clinical health. METHODS Childhood Big Five personality traits at mean age 10, adult Big Five personality traits, adult clinically assessed dysregulation at mean age 51 (a summary of dysregulated blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids), and a retrospective, cumulative measure of life-span...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to examine data from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis (OA) Project for independent associations of educational attainment, occupation and community poverty with tibiofemoral knee OA. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 3,591 individuals (66% Caucasian and 34% African American). Educational attainment (< 12 years or ≥12 years), occup...

Heritable variance in psychological traits may reflect genetic and biological processes that are not necessarily specific to these particular traits but pertain to a broader range of phenotypes. We tested the possibility that the personality domains of the five-factor model and their 30 facets, as rated by people themselves and their knowledgeable informants, reflect polygenic influences that h...