The present study investigated the effects of providing subtitles and taking enotes on cognitive load and performance. A total of 73 English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) undergraduates learned brain anatomy and cognitive functions through multimedia programs. We used a 2 (subtitle/no) x 2 (taking enotes/no) factorial design to test the following: (1) if cognitive demand would vary among differen...

The single C. elegans member of the retinoblastoma gene family, lin-35 Rb, was originally identified as a synthetic Multivulva (synMuv) gene [1]. These genes form two redundant classes, A and B, that repress ectopic vulval cell fate induction. Recently, we demonstrated that lin-35 Rb also acts as a negative regulator of G(1) progression and likely is the major target of cyd-1 Cyclin D and cdk-4...

This study seeks to explore five 6 th grade EFL learners' major writing problems by analyzing the nature and distribution of their writing errors and it also investigates factors that cause errors in their writing in English through email communication. This study examined EFL learners’ writing samples and followed taxonomy: grammatical, lexical, semantic, mechanics, and word order types of err...

The theory of learning multimodality is receiving greater attention. Its application in language learning classes is also increasing in number. Since Chinese-speaking EFL learners are likely to be visual learners, as an instructor of Taiwanese EFL students, I have come to believe that artsintegrated, multimodal projects help less confident and less motivated students. In this article I report o...

Myofibril-bound creatine kinase EC 2.7.3.2 (CK), a key enzyme of muscle energy metabolism, has been selected for studies of conformational changes that underlie the cellular control of enzyme activity. For fluorescence spectroscopy measurements, the CK molecule was double-labeled with IAF (5-iodoacetamidofluorescein) and ErITC (erythrosin 5'-isothiocyanate). Measurement of fluorescence resonanc...

There still exist lacunae in our understanding of howness and the effectiveness of metacognitive strategy training for various language skills in most EFL contexts; most notably in input-poor environments. The present study sought to investigate the possible effects of metacognitive strategy training on vocabulary strategies awareness and vocabulary knowledge among Iranian EFL learners. The exp...

Over the past few years, the prevalence of web-based applications in school and at home makes learning and teaching through the Internet become an inevitable way in education. With great potentials for enriching all kinds of educational applications, web-based instruction is becoming an impressive apparatus for learning resource delivering. In this study, an asynchronous web-based language lear...

The approach of using only English when teaching English as prescribed by the seventh curriculum has become a major issue in the debate over how to improve Korean students' communicative abilities in the L2. Discussions have not always been pleasant about the need to shake up the education system by different means, including using much more classroom English. (Fracas over Education, 2001). Tha...

Research in second or foreign language learning indicates that for adult learners, the improvement of one language skill facilitates the development of other skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations among Chinese EFL students’ reading, writing, and listening development by examining their test scores on the College English Test Band 4. The findings showed that the r...

This paper reports on the adaptation of a well-established foreign language anxiety scale for use in the Hungarian EFL setting; furthermore, the validation procedures aimed at testing the psychometric properties of the new instrument. Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope’s (1986) Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) was adapted using the method of multiple translators and back translation, and...