The present study investigated the effect of the keyword method of vocabulary teaching on the learning and longterm retention of vocabulary in a normal EFL classroom context. Fifty elementary EFL students were selected and assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received vocabulary instruction using mnemonic keyword method and the control group received conventiona...

Studies have mainly focused on strategies to motivate teachers or the student-teacher motivation relationships rather than teacher demotivation in the English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching process, whereas no data have been found on the factors that cause teacher demotivation in the Turkish EFL teaching contexts at the elementary education level. Thus, this study aims to investigate the ...

The development of an organism depends on individual cells receiving and executing their specific fates, although how this process is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we identify a mechanism by which a specific cell fate, apoptosis, is determined through the cooperative efforts of Hox and E2F proteins. E2F transcription factors are critical, conserved regulators of the cell cycle and ap...

The issue of natural order in acquiring some morphemes in English has been a controversial one in psycholinguistics and applied linguistics. This article seeks to test Krashen’s Natural Order Hypothesis employing the Competition Model among two age groups of pre-adolescent and adult age in an EFL setting. Research on this issue has been mostly conducted in ESL settings and the results have been...

The acronyms of ENL, ESL, and EFL have been around for long enough as names of certain varieties of English depending on their locale and related circumstances of use. In their expanded form, they are known as ' ', ' ', and ' '. Far from being hypothetical varieties of the language, the three have their distinctive traits that are measurable along sociolinguistic and linguistic clines. On both ...

often given with prednisolone, would have been necessary. In pregnant women with West African (T. brucei gambiense) stage II disease, either melarsoprol or eflornithine can be used, but neither is effective for East African disease. Although efl ornithine can abort early pregnancies and cause disordered organogenesis (9), the severe encephalopathy associated with melarsoprol makes efl ornithine...

Phonological-based instruction, namely phonological awareness instruction (PA) and phonics instruction, has shown to be effective on early literacy skills among young children in western countries. Children who learn English as a foreign language (EFL) learn to read English differently from children in English-dominant societies. Effectiveness of the instruction in the EFL context is much less ...

This paper, as part of an ongoing study, reports a qualitative case study in investigating pre-writing activities among three English as Foreign language (EFL) learners in an online community via a facebook group. The data were collected from the learners’ interactional exchanges, observation notes of their interaction and responses to online written interview questions. Based on a qualitative ...

In our previous research a linear readability formula was developed through a series of multiple regression analyses using four independent variables: (1) sentence length, (2) word length, (3) textbook-based word difficulty and (4) textbook-based idiom difficulty, and one dependent variable: year level of EFL textbook. The present study attempts to develop a new readability formula that include...

The present study aimed at furthering the understanding of the potential effects of e-learner characteristics on e-learner satisfaction in an EFL context. Specifically, it examined the collective impact of computer anxiety, computer-mediated communication (CMC) apprehension, metacognitive self-regulation strategy use, mastery goal orientation, and performance goal orientation on EFL e-learner s...