This paper considers theoretical issues and practical applications of teaching critical thinking in Asian EFL contexts (e.g., Japanese and Korean). In the first section, I present a definition of ‘critical thinking’ and argue that misconceptions regarding this definition have limited the teaching of critical thinking skills in Asian EFL contexts. The second section focuses on a specific critica...

The importance of vocabulary learning has been underlined in the field of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) because non-English majors who require reading English texts in their fields of study have to expand their English vocabulary knowledge much more efficiently than ordinary ESL/EFL learners. Since academic vocabulary instruction in Iranian universities is realized through the use of Gene...

A major gene for the number of days from sowing to appearance of the first flower (time of flowering) was identified in a cross between an extrashort duration chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) variety, ICCV 2, and a medium duration variety, JG 62. The F2 population was advanced through the single-seed-descent method to develop random recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Time of flowering was recorded f...

Abstract There is very little research on the use of metadiscourse markers in abstracts across different disciplines (especially a single study) undergraduates as novice researchers, and qualitative has been done topic EFL ESL contexts altogether. Thus, purpose this study to examine undergraduates’ social sciences three (English Language Communication, Mass Psychology) Faculty Social Sciences L...

Despite writing and speaking being related activities, their end-products are entirely different. However, previous studies have not shown consistency in terms of grammar use these two modes. Accordingly, the present study, I aim to define syntactic characteristics modes with large-scale data organized research designs. This study examined 14 indices complexity specific factors 224 monologues 1...

This study explored the effect of English language learners’ breadth and depth vocabulary knowledge on their understanding grades reading texts. Sixty-one Jordanian EFL undergraduates were assigned three tests, which Vocabulary Levels Test Version 2 (VLT), Word Associates (WAT), Academic International Language Testing System (IELTS). The collected data was analysed utilizing Pearson correlation...

BACKGROUND Morbidly obese subjects, who often complain about breathlessness when lying down, breathe at low lung volume with a reduced expiratory reserve volume (ERV). Therefore, during tidal breathing the expiratory flow reserve is decreased, promoting expiratory flow limitation (EFL), which is more likely to occur in the supine position, when the relaxation volume of the respiratory system, a...

When expiratory flow is maximal during tidal breathing and cannot be increased unless operative lung volumes move towards total lung capacity, tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFL) is said to occur. EFL represents a severe mechanical constraint caused by different mechanisms and observed in different conditions, but it is more relevant in terms of prevalence and negative consequences in obstru...