The third Marshall-Hicks-Allen rule of elasticity of derived demand purports to show that labor demand is less elastic when labor is a smaller share of total costs. As Hicks, Allen, and then Bronfenbrenner showed, this rule is not quite correct, and actually is complicated by an unexpected negative relationship involving labor’s share of total costs and the elasticity of substitution. The stand...

The authors derive an expression for the price elasticity of demand in the presence of reference price effects that includes a component resulting from the presence of gains and losses in consumer evaluations. The effect of reference price is most noticeable immediately after a price change, before consumers have had time to adjust their reference price. As a result, immediate-term price elasti...

Pulmonary diseases of the lung often cause the change of elasticity. This article proposes a novel elasticity imaging method using multidetector-row CT (MDCT). The new method is based on non-rigid image registration from MDCT images of the inspiratory lung to those of the expiratory lung. The elasticity is calculated by local volume change between respirations. Also, this article introduces a n...

Cloud elasticity is a unique feature of cloud environments, which allows for the on demand (de-)provisioning or reconfiguration of the resources of cloud deployments. The efficient handling of cloud elasticity is a challenge that attracts the interest of the research community. This work constitutes a survey of research efforts towards this direction. The main contribution of this work is an up...

We are developing a system for real-time estimation and display of tissue elastic properties using a clinical ultrasonic imaging system. Our hypothesis is that real-time feedback of elasticity images is essential in obtaining high-quality data. Extensive experience with laboratory fixtures and off-line processing of elasticity data showed that problems occurring in data acquisition often result...

It has been observed that older high traffic motorways experience lower traffic growth than newer ones (ceteris paribus). This phenomenon is known as traffic maturity; however, it is not captured through traditional time-series long-term forecasts, due to constant elasticity to GDP these models assume. In this paper we argue that traffic maturity results from decreasing marginal utility of tran...