In this paper, we offer a new framework to measure cross-border supply chain fragmentation and its impact on the global trade elasticity. Firstly, introduce ratio that sums volume of imports by all countries participate in particular chain. We find slowed down after 2010 for most goods, but not services. demonstrate importance using production data at constant prices measuring trends. Secondly,...

The ability to operate in a variety of environments is an important topic in humanoid robotics research. One of the ultimate goals of this research is smooth operation in everyday environments. However, movement in a real-world environment such as a family's house is challenging because the viscous friction and elasticity of each floor, which directly influence the robot's motion and are diffic...

OBJECTIVE This paper presents the use of the texture matching method to measure the rabbit carotid artery elasticity value of the experimental group and control group respectively. It compares the experimental rabbits, when they are prompted by pathological histology to be at the period of carotid atherosclerosis fatty streaks and fiber plaques, with the control group. METHODS We have used ul...

Abstract Germany is a rather water-rich country. Nevertheless, climatic changes might make it necessary to use water resources carefully in the future, especially times of drought. Against this background, paper estimates price elasticity household consumption, differentiating between households that have rough knowledge prices and do not. Based on about 1,100 observations for living single-fam...

A solid—amorphous or crystalline—is defined by a finite shear modulus while a fluid lacks such. We thus experimentally investigate the elastic properties of a colloidal glass former near the glass transition: Spectroscopy of vibrational excitations yields the dispersion relations of longitudinal and transverse phonons in the glassy state. From the long-wavelength limit of the dispersion relatio...

The possibility to directly measure the elasticity of living cell has emerged only in the last few decades. In the present study the elastic properties of two cell lines were followed. Both types are widely used as cell barrier models (e.g. blood-brain barrier). During time resolved measurement of the living cell elasticity a continuous quasi-periodic oscillation of the elastic modulus was obse...

Regularized nonrigid medical image registration algorithms usually estimate the deformation by minimizing a cost function, consisting of a similarity measure and a penalty term that discourages “unreasonable” deformations. Conventional regularization methods enforce homogeneous smoothness properties of the deformation field; less work has been done to incorporate tissue-type-specific elasticity...

This paper examines the impact of the R&D fiscal incentive program on R&D by Dutch firms. Taking a factor-demand approach we measure the elasticity of firm R&D capital accumulation to its user cost. Econometric models are estimated using a rich unbalanced panel of firm data covering the period 1996-2004 with firm-specific R&D user costs varying with tax incentives. Using the estimated user cost...

Analysing a large sample of 1980–2004 unbalanced panel data, the current study presents comparative global evidence on the role of (income) inequality in poverty reduction. The evidence involves both an indirect channel via the tendency of high inequality to decrease the rate at which income is transformed to poverty reduction and the tendency of rising inequality to increase poverty. Based on ...

We estimate a random utility model of demand to measure consumer response to package downsizing in consumer goods markets. To our knowledge this paper provides the first estimates of consumer response to package size. We perform the analysis using Nielsen Homescan data on bulk ice cream purchases of a panel of households in Chicago, between 1998 and 2007. The estimation framework involves model...