This paper is an endeavor to quantify the concept of sustainable transportation. The prevailing idea in the context of sustainable development (SD) emphasizes on the reduction of transportation demand in order to reduce the environmental and social consequences of it. Nevertheless, in the current paper using a measure for SD, and based on the conformity of the growths of all sectors with transp...

BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is the earliest marker for age-related abnormalities in vascular function, and examination of endothelial function has important clinical relevance. The present study was performed to evaluate effects of aging on arterial elasticity by using pulse waveform analysis and to investigate whether the changes in arterial elasticity might be used as a noninvasive mea...

Current means of measuring RT-induced fibrosis are subjective. We evaluated the DermaLab suction cup system to measure objectively skin deflection as a surrogate for fibrosis. Sixty-nine patients with E-STS were treated with limb-sparing surgery and 50-66 Grays (Gy) of RT. Using a "scleroderma" DermaLab Suction Cup, the skin stiffness was measured by two clinicians. The National Cancer Institut...

Starting form 3D elasticity, we deduce the variational limit of the string and of the membrane on the space of one and two-dimensional gradient Young measures, respectively. The physical requirement that the energy becomes infinite when the volume locally vanishes is taken into account in the string model. The rate at which the energy density blows up characterizes the effective domain of the l...

BACKGROUND Different stress-strain definitions are used in the literature to measure the elastic modulus in aortic tissue. There is no agreement as to which stress-strain definition should be implemented. The purpose of this study is to show how different results are given by the various definitions of stress-strain used and to recommend a specific definition when testing aortic tissues. METH...

Introduction: In conventional MR elastography, a vibrating mechanical device is used to induce an audio frequency wave motion in tissue. Synchronised with the vibration, an imaging experiment is conducted to investigate the propagation of the wave in the tissue so that its shear modulus can be deduced. We report here a method of estimating the brain tissue’s elasticity without use of an externa...

We report on an optical noncontact method for the detection of soft-tissue tumors based on the measurement of their elasticity. A focused air-puff system is used to excite surface waves (SWs) on soft tissues with transient static pressure. A high-speed phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography system is used to measure the SWs as they propagate from the point of excitation. To evaluate the s...

Introduction A phase transformation from orthorhombic (orthoenstatite [OEN], space group Pbca) to monoclinic symmetry in (Mg,Fe)SiO3, a common constituent of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle, is likely to occur in the deeper portion of the upper mantle [1, 2]. Angel et al. [3] confirmed that the clinoenstatite phase above 8 GPa is an unquenchable, high-pressure, monoclinic phase (highpressure...