The problem of Bloch electrons in two dimensions subject to magnetic and intense electric fields is investigated. Magnetic translations, electric evolution and energy translation operators are used to specify the solutions of the Schrödinger equation. For rational values of the magnetic flux quanta per unit cell and commensurate orientations of the electric field relative to the original lattic...

The frequency of the power system is small enough that the electric and magnetic fields in air can be considered as if they were independent [1]. Further, the distribution of each field can be calculated under the assumption that static theory applies. Given this, both the electric and magnetic fields can be calculated from a scalar potential. With a knowledge of the conductors that make up the...

In this paper, electric field distribution of the junctionless dual material surrounding gate MOSFETs (JLDMSG) is developed. Junctionless is a device that has similar characteristics like junction based devices, but junctionless has a positive flatband voltage with zero electric field. In Surrounding gate MOSFETs gate material surrounds the channel in all direction , therefore it can overcome t...

 The eight-node solid-shell finite element models have been developed for the analysis of laminated composite pate/shell structures with piezoelectric actuators and sensors. To resolve the locking problems of the solid-shell elements in laminated materials and improve accuracy, the assumed natural strain method and hybrid stress method are employed. The nonlinear electric potential distributio...

many studies have been done on hybrid vehicles in the past few years. the full hybrid vehicles need a large number of batteries creating up to 300 (v) to meet the required voltage of electric motor. the size and weight of the batteries cause some problems. this research investigates the mild hybrid vehicle. this vehicle includes a small electric motor and a high power internal combustion engine...

Movements in muscles are generated by the myosins which interact with the actin filaments. In this paper we present an electric theory to describe how the chemical energy is first stored in electrostatic form in the myosin system and how it is then released and transformed into work. Due to the longitudinal polarized molecular structure with the negative phosphate group tail, the ATP molecule p...

Vacuum-ultraviolet irradiation produces trapped charges in dielectrics. The trapped charges often generate self-consistent electric fields. A Monte Carlo simulation coupled with a Poisson equation solver is used to model the relationship between the irradiation photon flux and electrostatic potential. The simulation includes photoconduction, photoemission, photoinjection, and the effects of sel...

We present results of finite element analysis for simple test structures which demonstrate clearly that the measurement situation is complex. The test structure consists of an open geometry parallel plate capacitor within a screened enclosure. Indeed, the presence of earthed objects, even at considerable distances, is shown to have a significant effect on the field geometry close to the source....

What is the electric field used for? Strongly electric fish have an electric organ discharge that is powerful enough to stun prey and to discourage potential predators. The brief, intermittent discharge pulses generated by strongly electric fish can range up to several hundred volts. In contrast, weakly electric fish generate a discharge that is typically less than a single volt. These discharg...

1. If the concentration of choline esterase is determined at different sections from the head to the caudal end of the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus (Linneaus) S-like curves are obtained. These curves are essentially the same as those which show the number of electric discs per centimeter and the E.M.F. per centimeter. 2. In the organ of Hunter the concentration of the enzyme does ...