A multi-objective optimization (MOO) of two-element wing models with morphing flap by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, artificial neural networks (ANN), and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms (NSGA II), is performed in this paper. At first, the domain is solved numerically in various two-element wing models with morphing flap using CFD techniques and lift (L) and drag ...

production and preparation of many parts of the aircraft body including wings with long length, smooth form, and large radius of curvature are amongst the most important challenges in this industry. in this paper, the effective factors in the rubber pad forming method on a pieces contain curvature radius have been investigated by finite element method. the effect of variables such as curvature ...

ii

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the design of a cup using finite element method and to analyze possible effects of joint loading postoperatively, and its initial mechanical stability, so as to direct its further optimization. Finite‐element (FE) models of the cup with three wings and the hemispherical cup were created to calculate the stress pattern...

High force coefficients, similar to those observed for revolving model hawkmoth wings in the accompanying paper (for which steady leading-edge vortices are directly observed), are apparent for revolving model (mayfly, bumblebee and quail) and real (quail) animal wings ranging in Reynolds number (Re) from 1100 to 26000. Results for bumblebee and hawkmoth wings agree with those published previous...

Insect wings lack internal muscles, and the orderly, necessary deformations which they undergo in flight and folding are in part remotely controlled, in part encoded in their structure. This factor is crucial in understanding their complex, extremely varied morphology. Models have proved particularly useful in clarifying the facilitation and control of wing deformation. Their development has fo...

Although the asymmetry in the upward and downward bending of insect wings is well known, the structural origin of this asymmetry is not yet clearly understood. Some researchers have suggested that based on experimental results, the bending asymmetry of insect wings appears to be a consequence of the camber inherent in the wings. Although an experimental approach can reveal this phenomenon, anot...

Title of dissertation: DYNAMICS AND AEROELASTICITY OF HOVER CAPABLE FLAPPING WINGS: EXPERIMENTS AND ANALYSIS Beerinder Singh, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Dissertation directed by: Professor Inderjit Chopra Department of Aerospace Engineering This dissertation addresses the aerodynamics of insect-based, bio-inspired, flapping wings in hover. An experimental apparatus, with a bio-inspired flapping...

Dragonfly wings are highly corrugated, which increases the stiffness and strength of the wing significantly, and results in a lightweight structure with good aerodynamic performance. How insect wings carry aerodynamic and inertial loads, and how the resonant frequency of the flapping wings is tuned for carrying these loads, is however not fully understood. To study this we made a three-dimensio...

The aim of this paper is to provide an aeroelastic computational tool which determines the induced wing loads during flapping flight. For this purpose, a Finite Element (FE) code based on a four-node plate bending element formulation is developed to simulate the aeroelastic behavior of flapping wings in low incompressible flow. A quasi-steady aerodynamic model is incorporated into the aeroelast...