The present study was carried out to identify and analyze the social factors affecting school phobia in children in three domains of personal characteristics, parental expectations for children's educational attainment, and human and physical factors related to schools. The research method was survey and the statistical population of the study was comprised of 545 parents of Tehrani elementary ...

Elementary school students in Taiwan started to learn English as a required course at Grade 5 in 2001. And in no later than 2005, elementary school students will start their English course at Grade 3 as the latest policy of Ministry of Education. To achieve the ultimate goals identified in the Nine Year Integrated Curriculum, this proposed Principal Project aims to collaborate with the other fo...

Studies are underway on the propriety of making English-language education compulsory at the elementary school level in Japan. According to the results of a survey conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 70.7 percent of elementary school student parents polled replied that such education should be required.1 Among the reasons cited for this view is the b...

The Process of Training Teachers for Elementary School in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Opportunities and Threats B. Sami’eenejaad M. Aliasgari, Ph.D. N. Moosaapoor, Ph.D. Gh. Haajihoseynnejaad, Ph.D. Teacher training in the Islamic Republic of Iran lacks a model matching its status. In order to shed light on all four aspects of training teachers for elementary school, ...

Elementary and middle school students who are blind or visually impaired (VI) lag up to three years behind non-disabled peers in mathematics achievement. We investigated the impact of academic supports in the school on mathematics achievement, controlling grade, gender, cognitive disability, and family SES. Data were from SEELS (Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study) that followed a n...

Previous studies have shown that even elementary school-aged children (7 and 11 years old) experience visually induced perception of illusory self-motion (vection) (Lepecq et al., 1995, Perception, 24, 435-449) and that children of a similar age (mean age = 9.2 years) experience more rapid and stronger vection than do adults (Shirai et al., 2012, Perception, 41, 1399-1402). These findings imply...

BACKGROUND There are two approaches to the differential examination of school motivation. The first is to examine motivation towards specific school subjects (between school subject differentiation). The second is to examine school motivation as a multidimensional concept that varies in terms of not only intensity but also quality (within school subject differentiation). These two differential ...

The effects of bilingual education on reading and math achievement were examined by comparing test scores across different elementary-school programs. Results revealed that bilingual Two-Way Immersion programs benefited both minority-language and majority-language students. Minority-language students in Two-Way Immersion outperformed their peers in Transitional Programs of Instruction, while ma...

Background Understanding environmental factors affecting the educational process and including them in educational planning will lead into increased outcome of education, mental health, reduced stress, and higher education performance. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of educational spaces coloring on learning and academic achievement of elementary school students in the acad...

Lumbar spondylolysis, a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis, is prevalent in adolescent athletes. Recent advances in diagnostic tools and techniques enable early diagnosis before these fractures progress to complete fractures through the pars. However, because patients often consult family physicians for primary care of low back pain and these physicians may not have access to diagnost...