In the current investigation rhizome of Zingiber officinale and leaf Ocimum sanctum were extracted using ethanol-water (70:30) anti-amnesic potential combined extracts was evaluated in experimental model. The extraction yield hydroalcoholic mixture found to be 10.4 % for 17.7 sanctum. Preliminary phytochemical analysis suggested presence alkaloids, saponin glycosides, phenolics, terpenoids, fla...

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is suggested to play an important role in mediating fear, anxiety, and depression. The results of the studies of the actions of CRF in the mPFC regarding anxiety-related behavior, however, seem contradictory. In one study, microinjection of CRF into the mPFC produced an increase in anxiety-related behavior on the elevat...

The present study examined the effects of diazepam (a widely used anxiolytic benzodiazepine) on the behavioural response of pigs to three novel experimental situations used to measure anxiety-related behaviour in rodents. Twelve weaned pigs (two pairs from each of the three litters) were tested in an elevated plus-maze at the age of 6 weeks, a light/dark test at the age of 7 weeks and an open-f...

benzodiazepines (bzds) are widely used in clinical practice as anxiolytics, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and muscle relaxants. however, they have some undesired effects including memory problems. in continuing our research on novel benzodiazepine ligands, we are looking for ligands with less adverse effects. previously, 4 novel derivatives of 2-phenoxy phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized as...

The escape response to electrical or chemical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG) has been associated with panic attacks. In order to explore the validity of the DPAG stimulation model for the study of panic disorder, we determined if the aversive consequences of the electrical or chemical stimulation of this midbrain area can be detected subsequently in the elevated T-m...

According to Gray [The Neuropsychology of Anxiety: An Enquiry into the Functions of the Septo-hippocampal System, Oxford University Press, New York, 1982], the hippocampus and the septum act in concert to control anxiety. We found that micro-infusion of midazolam into the dorsal hippocampus increased rats' open-arm exploration in the elevated plus-maze. Co-infusion of L-glutamate into the septu...