Duchesnea indica (D. indica) is an important traditional Chinese medicine, and has long been clinically used to treat cancer in Asian countries. It has been described previously as a rich source of phenolic compounds with a broad array of diversified structures, which are the major active ingredients. However, an accurate and complete phenolic profiling has not been determined yet. In the prese...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Progressive changes in the substantia nigra pars compacta and locus ceruleus of patients with Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease visualized by neuromelanin MRI and cardiac postganglionic sympathetic nerve function on (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy have not been fully evaluated. We compared the diagnostic value of these modalities among patients with earl...

freckles and pigmented acne scars, are of serious concern to women. Their treatment usually involves the use of medicines or medicinal cosmetics containing depigmenting agents or skin-whitening agents. For example, hydroquinone and 4methoxyphenol are used as topical therapies for hyperpigmentation disorders. Active ingredients available for medicated whitening cosmetics in Japan include vitamin...

Berries contain a number of compounds that are proposed to have anticarcinogenic properties. We wanted to see if pure ellagic acid, natural ellagitannins and three wild berries have any effect on the adenoma formation in Apc- mutated Min/+ mice. Min/+ mice were fed high-fat AIN93-G diets containing 10% (w/w) freeze-dried bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), cloud...

Purpose: To determine the effect of bacoside-A on Parkinson's disease (PD) in a rat model, and elucidate its mechanism action.Methods: A model PD was established by administration 5 µL 6-hydroxydopamine ascorbic acid (0.1 %). Measurement serum levels inflammatory factors carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Western blotting used to Bax, cytochrome c Bcl-2 hippocampu...

PURPOSE To measure intra- and inter-hemispheric connectivity within the basal ganglia (BG) nuclei in healthy and in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) Parkinson disease rat model in order to test the BG interhemispheric connectivity hypothesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) method with direct injection of manganese chloride into the entopeduncular (EP), substantia...

background: parkinson’s disease (pd) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing motor and non‑motor symptoms. the latter are common and include autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and sleep difficulties. many of the non‑motor aspects of pd such as sleep disturbance are more common and significantly affect the day‑to‑day activities of patients and their quality of life. the mos...