Guano samples from 412 Brazilian bats were screened with real-time PCR for the virulence genes (eae, est, elt, stx1, stx2, ehxA, invA, bfpA, aggR) representing five intestinal pathotypes of Escherichia coli. From 82 pooled samples, 22% contained Escherichia coli DNA, and eae, est, bfpA, aggR were detected.

As English continues to assert its dominance as a global language, the incorporation of cultural context into Language Teaching (ELT) emerges paramount consideration. This literature review synthesizes scholarly work investigate multifaceted relationship between and ELT. Methodologically, this study involved an extensive empirical theoretical published in past five years. The analytical categor...

Many people believe that language teaching is a neutral practice. However, this belief is not without its own opponents. To many scholars, teaching languages cannot be devoid of teaching cultural values of the target language, which tacitly aims at denigrating cultural values of the community of the learners who are learning it. The ultimate purpose of such cultural oppression, according to the...

BACKGROUND The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has become increasingly used for screening antimicrobials and probiotics for pathogen control. It also provides a useful tool for studying microbe-host interactions. This study has established a C. elegans life-span assay to preselect probiotic bacteria for controlling K88(+) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a pathogen causing pig diarrhea,...

While definitive winter measurements for Dome C must await until 2004, on the basis of existing data the Antarctic Dome sites promise the best conditions on the Earth for many astronomical observations. Because atmospheric turbulence is largely confined to a ~ 100 m ground layer, adaptive correction with a single deformable mirror conjugated to this layer should yield an 8-arcminute field of vi...

This article explores native speakerism, a chauvinistic ideology, in reference to relevant literature. It first exposes its ideological essence and adverse effects on English language teaching (ELT), then moves deconstruct the speakerist practices concerning teachers, norm, cultural foundation of ELT curriculum, methodology, particularly approaches communicative (CLT) task-based (TBLT). Through...