clinical studies have shown that in pathological conditions such as endometriosis and reproductive tract infection (male and female) there is an activation status of macrophages that produce large quantities of nitric oxide (no) in addition to other effector molecules. large amounts of no may have embryotoxic roles and produce infertility. this study was designed to evaluate the effect of diffe...

introduction: the magnetic resonance imaging (mri) technique permits to monitor the development of the embryo in vivo without causing any developmental defects. although increasing application of mri imaging are predicted in veterinary sciences, there is little information available about mri studies of avian embryos and their eggs. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the ostrich...

background: melatonin, a reactive oxygen species (ros) scavenger and an antioxidant, has been shown that can inhibit apoptosis. administration of melatonin may improve embryo development in assisted reproductive technology (art). objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of melatonin in inhibition of spontaneous and induced apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor alph (tnf-α) and act...

background: in spite of the great progress in assisted reproductive techniques ( art) and although good quality embryos are transferred pregnancy rates have remained around 30%-35% due to low implantation rates. objective: the aim of this study was to assess and compare the effects of administrating indomethacin or hyoscine suppositories prior to embryo transfer on the pregnancy rate in art cyc...

background: genome instability is a main cause of chromosomal alterations in both somatic and germ cells when exposed to environmental, physical and chemical genotoxicants. germ cells especially spermatozoa are more vulnerable to suffering from dna damaging agents during spermatogenesis and also more potent in transmitting genome instability to next generation. methods: to investigate the effec...

during spring, summer and winter seasons, sistani donor cows, with normal reproductive status, were superovulated and embryos were recovered non-surgically on day 7. grade a blastocyst embryos were either transferred fresh (spring) or frozen (summer and winter). recovered embryos during summer and winter were exposed to glycerol and frozen using conventional method. during spring season, recipi...

agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation may offer a better alternative than the biolistic gun for genetic transformation of maize plants. this gene delivery system results in a greater proportion of stable, low-copy number transgenic events than does the biolistic gun, and is highly efficient. in the present work, we studied maize transformation using a. tumefaciens by identifying som...

Background: Embryo donation is one of the methods of infertility treatment. With this way, Infertile couples use a donated Embryo formed from an egg of another woman and the sperm of another man. The embryo is then placed into the woman’s womb. In order to determine the legal nature of embryo donation, a comparison has been made between this legal institution and those mentioned in our Civil La...

In 1934 a fourteen-day-old embryo was discovered during a postmortem examination and became famous for being the youngest known human embryo specimen at the time. The embryo was coined ?the Yale Embryo,? named after the location where it was discovered, Yale University [4] in New Haven, Connecticut. During the early twentieth century, the rush to collect embryos as well as to find younger and y...