In this paper we review the possible radiation mechanisms for the observed non-thermal emission in clusters of galaxies, with a primary focus on the radio and hard X-ray emission. We show that the difficulty with the non-thermal, non-relativisitic Bremsstrahlung model for the hard X-ray emission, first pointed out by Petrosian (2001) using a cold target approximation, is somewhat alleviated whe...

We compare observations of the non-flaring solar corona made simultaneously with Hinode/XRT and with RHESSI. The analyzed corona is dominated by a single active region on 12 November 2006. The comparison is made on emission measures. We derive emission measure distributions vs temperature of the entire active region from multifilter XRT data. We check the compatibility with the total emission m...

The Swift X-Ray Telescope often observes a rapidly decaying X-ray emission stretching to as long as t ∼ 10 3 seconds after a conventional prompt phase. This component is most likely due to a prompt emission viewed at large observer angles θ > 1/Γ, where θ ∼ 0.1 is a typical viewing angle of the jet and Γ ≥ 100 is the Lorentz factor of the flow during the prompt phase. This can be used to estima...

We present the results from a Chandra observation of the powerful radio galaxy 3C 265. We detect X–ray emission from the nucleus, the radio hotspots and lobes. In particular, the lobe X–ray emission is well explained as anisotropic inverse Compton scattering of the nuclear photons by the relativistic electrons in the radio lobes; the comparison between radio synchrotron and IC emission yields a...

We present the results from a Chandra observation of the powerful radio galaxy 3C 265. We detect X–ray emission from the nucleus, the radio hotspots and lobes. In particular, the lobe X–ray emission is well explained as anisotropic inverse Compton scattering of the nuclear photons by the relativistic electrons in the radio lobes; the comparison between radio synchrotron and IC emission yields a...

This paper established a system dynamics model of energy saving and emission reduction in coal mining area, as well as conducted simulation of different development plans, based on the analysis of energy saving and emission reduction factor of coal production links, of the complex structure of energy saving and emission reduction system in coal mining area, and of the dynamic feed-back mechanis...

A facile method to produce conformal coated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on vertically aligned titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes three dimensional (3D) arrays (NTAs) is demonstrated for enhanced field emission display applications. These engineered nano arrays exhibit efficient electron field emission properties such as high field emission current density (80 mA/cm(2)), low turn-on field (1.0 V/μ...