Microwave emissivity over ocean is relatively well understood by scientists. However, over land because of the existence of different land covers and their various physical properties land surface emissivity retrieval does not seem to be straightforward. Land emissivity plays a key role in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, since it acts like a crucial boundary condition. The accuracy o...

A three-dimensional numerical study was made to investigate effects of fin angle, fin surface emissivity, and tube wall temperature on heat transfer enhancement for a longitudinal externally-finned tube placed vertically in a small chamber. The numerical model was first validated through comparison with experimental measurements and the appropriateness of general boundary conditions was examine...

Polymer matrix composite materials that can emit radiation in the far-infrared region of the spectrum are receiving increasing attention due to their ability to significantly influence biological processes. This study reports on the far-infrared emissivity property of composite films based on far-infrared ceramic powder. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ...

A half-space electromagnetic model of human skin over the band 30-300 GHz was constructed and used to model radiometric emissivity. The model showed that the radiometric emissivity rose from 0.4 to 0.8 over this band, with emission being localized to a layer approximately one millimeter deep in the skin. Simulations of skin with differing water contents associated with psoriasis, eczema, malign...

Received 24 August 2001; revised 30 April 2002; accepted 22 May 2002; published 11 December 2002. [1] Emissivity spectra (1670–200 cm ) from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES) show significant differences between bright and dark surfaces, allowing further investigation of their physical and mineralogical character. TES spectra from bright surfaces (albedo 0.2) typi...

Maintaining human body temperature is one of the most basic needs for living, which often consumes a huge amount of energy to keep the ambient temperature constant. To expand the ambient temperature range while maintaining human thermal comfort, the concept of personal thermal management has been recently demonstrated in heating and cooling textiles separately through human body infrared radiat...

The authors study the use of thin ( 230 nm) tantalum (Ta) layers on silicon (Si) as a low emissivity (high reflectivity) coating for high-temperature Si devices. Such coatings are critical to reduce parasitic radiation loss, which is one of the dominant loss mechanisms at high temperatures (above 700 C). The key factors to achieve such a coating are low emissivity in the near infrared and super...

We have combined infrared data with HI , H2 and HII surveys in order to spatially decompose the observed dust emission into components associated with different phases of the gas. An inversion technique is applied. For the decomposition, we use the IRAS 60 and 100 µm bands, the DIRBE 140 and 240 µm bands, as well as Archeops 850 and 2096 µm wavelengths. In addition, we apply the decomposition t...

High reflective materials in the microwave region play a very important role in the realization of antenna reflectors for a broad range of applications, including radiometry. These reflectors have a characteristic emissivity which needs to be characterized accurately in order to perform a correct radiometric calibration of the instrument. Such a characterization can be performed by using open r...