Hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of death, and lowering HbA1c has only a modest effect on reducing CVD risk and mortality. The recently published LEADER and SUSTAIN-6 trials demonstrate that, in T2D patients with high CVD risk, the glucagon-like peptide 1 re...

Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has shown a remarkable reduction in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and antecedents of cardiovascular disease in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. This effect has been attributed to a hemodynamic rather than a metabolic effect, partly due to the osmotic/diuretic effect of empagliflozi...

803 of coronary narrowing. These people were randomized to either placebo or a drug called empagliflozin, and they were actually randomized to 2 different doses of empagliflozin, either 10 mg or 25 mg. The primary analysis was to compare the placebo group to the combined both-doses group. The study continued for 3.1 years, patients were seen periodically, and as I said, it was a blinded study, ...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with marked cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, including heart failure (HF). Until recently, an oral glucose-lowering agent that improved hyperglycemia as well as provided CV benefits in patients with T2DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD) was lacking. The newest class of glucose-lowering agents, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhib...

EMPA-REG OUTCOME and CANVAS trials were designed to study the cardiovascular safety of empagliflozin and canagliflozin, respectively. Both studies were sufficiently powered to study the non-inferiority for cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and showed superiority for major adverse cardiovascular events and composite renal outcomes independent of glycemic...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of two doses, i.e., 10 mg and 25 empagliflozin, on lipid profile patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suboptimal glycemic control maximal doses metformin sitagliptin. METHODOLOGY: The study design was a randomized, open-label clinical trial. Fifty-nine adult T2DM who were already 2000 Metformin 100 Sitagliptin having glycaemic (HBA1C > 7% <12%) ra...

Background: Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is used as monotherapy or in combination for lowering the elevated blood glucose level patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It often associated certain adverse reactions (urinary tract infection (UTI), ketoacidosis (DKA), and genital infections). Thus, Saudi Food Drug Administration requested post-authorisa...