Recently reported cardiovascular outcome studies on empagliflozin (EMPA-REG) and liraglutide (LEADER) have spurred interest in this field of diabetology. This commentary compares and contrasts these studies with two equally important outcome trials conducted using blood pressure lowering agents. A comparison with MICROHOPE (using ramipril) and ADVANCE (using perindopril + indapamide) blood pres...

Sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT-2) inhibitor is a relatively new medication used to treat diabetes. At present, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has only approved three medications (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) in this drug class for the management of Type 2 diabetes. In May 2015, the FDA issued a warning of ketoacidosis with use of this drug class. Risk factors for...

The mechanism of action of empagliflozin in reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes vs placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high risk of cardiovascular disease in the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients-Removing Excess Glucose (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) trial is currently unknown. An antiatherosclerotic effect is consider...

One of the most feared repercussions of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The current antidiabetic agents on the market have had difficulty in showing cardiovascular outcome improvement. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial studied the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin in type 2 diabetic patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. The trial ...

Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2), which is found almost exclusively in the proximal tubules of nephrotic components in the kidneys. SGLT-2 accounts for about 90% of glucose reabsorption into the blood. Blocking SGLT-2 reduces blood glucose by blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidney and thereby excreting glucose (i.e., blood sugar) via the urine. S...

An online meeting of experts held on November 6, 2020 describes the results EMPA-REG OUTCOME and EMPEROR-Reduced trials sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin. We analyzed cardiovascular renal outcomes in patients with without type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving A number proposals recommendations have been adopted regarding further study effects empagliflozin its practical ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether adverse event reports to the US Food and Drug Administration on incidents of ketoacidosis from use of sodium glucose cotransport inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) provide insight into ways this new class of drugs is being prescribed with other antihyperglycemic agents; to examine possible mechanisms to explain ketoacidosis. DESIGN AND METHODS Reports of adverse event...

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors offer cardiovascular and renal benefits in patients with chronic kidney disease through not yet clearly defined mechanisms. Juni et al. showed that sodium-glucose inhibitor empagliflozin exposure vitro can restore cardiomyocyte function by counteracting harmful effects of uremic serum on the endothelium-cardiomyocyte crosstalk between endothelial cells ...