We read a recent review on the renoprotective effect of sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) [1], with a great interest. Sano et al mentioned that SGLT2i reduces the overload of the proximal tubules and improves tubulointerstitial hypoxia, inducing the recovery of erythropoietin production by fibroblasts [1]. They concluded that increased hematocrit during SGLT2i therapy indicates t...

How to cite this article: Raut MS, Maheshwari A. Empagliflozin: Novel antidiabetes and pro-cardiac drug. Indian J Anaesth 2017;61:440-1. © 2017 Indian Journal of Anaesthesia | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon ...

In the article cited above, there are typographical errors in Table 3 with regard to the values for hospitalization for heart failure results. The results should state an incidence of 2.7% (126/4,687) with empagliflozin and 4.1% (95/2,333) with placebo, and the corresponding incidence rates should be 9.4/1,000 patient-years and 14.5/1,000 patient-years, respectively. The HR of 0.65 (95% CI 0.50...

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, all recently approved for treatment of Type 2 diabetes, were derived from the natural product phlorizin. They reduce hyperglycemia by inhibiting glucose reuptake by SGLT2 in the kidney, without affecting intestinal glucose uptake by SGLT1. We now report that canagliflozin also activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an effect also seen with...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes excessive morbidity and premature cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Although tight glycemic control improves microvascular complications, its effects on macrovascular complications are unclear. The recent publication of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study documenting impressive benefits with empagliflozin (a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 [SGLT2] inhibitor) on CV and all-cau...

OBJECTIVE Adjunctive-to-insulin therapy with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition may improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the glycemic efficacy and safety of empagliflozin 25 mg daily in 40 patients treated for 8 weeks in a single-arm open-label proof-of-concept trial (NCT01392560). RESULTS Mean A1C decreased from 8.0 ± 0....

Increased levels of glucagon in type 2 diabetes are well known and, until now, have been considered deleterious. However, glucagon has an important role in the maintenance of both heart and kidney function. Moreover, in the past, glucagon has been therapeutically used for heart failure treatment. The new antidiabetic drugs, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 i...

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of kidney failure. Treatments with drugs that block the renin–angiotensin system have proven beneficial in slowing kidney disease progression among those with diabetes; their benefit is limited and they do not stop disease progression. Despite multiple clinical trials of various interventions including dual blockade of the renin–angiotensin system over ...