One of the main problems of interval computations is, given a function f(x 1 problem is feasible for linear functions f, but for generic polynomials, it is known to be computationally intractable. Because of that, traditional interval techniques usually compute the enclosure of y, i.e., an interval that contains y. The closer this enclosure to y, the better. It is desirable to describe cases in...

The earliest food producers in Africa were mobile pastoralists who left limited archaeological traces. As a result archaeologists studying the spread of food production in the region have difficulty distinguishing early pastoralists from hunter-gatherers with whom they interacted. This geo-ethnoarchaeological study contributes to the resolution of the problem through identification of sediments...

The voltage on a single-turn loop inside an enclosure characterizes the enclosure shielding effectiveness against a lightning insult. In this paper, the maximum induced voltage on a single-turn loop inside an enclosure from lightning coupling to a metal enclosure wall is expressed in terms of two multiplicative factors: (A) the normalized enclosure wall peak penetration ratio (i.e., ratio of th...

In this investigation, the effects of enclosure, restal delayed grazing andcontinued grazing treatments on the production rate and vegetation cover were studied.Study area was SadrAbad pasture. After selecting three bands (1+1+1=3 hectare area) asthree treatments in the restricted and non restricted area, they were transected to threetransects. Then plots (1×2m2 ) were selected to measure the p...

The effect of enclosure design on diurnal activity and stereotypic behaviour was assessed in 17 adult Malayan Sun bears (Helarctos malayanus), kept either in barren indoor enclosures or relatively enriched outdoor enclosures. Locomotion was the most frequent activity observed in the indoor bears, followed by resting. In contrast, conspecifics housed outdoors spent most of the time resting. Elev...

While there has been some research on the parliamentary enclosure of upland waste in England and Wales during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this topic still receives little attention in some recent accounts of parliamentary enclosure. Many aspects of the processes involved, and their impact on the landscape, are also poorly understood. Much research has proceeded either at a very gen...

The portable generators are the main means of compensating the shortage of national electricity power as in Iraq. However, their noise causes a huge disturbance, uncomforting and loss of concentration of the nearby resident. This problem requires a solution because most shops and residential houses use generators. Covering method is a simple and relatively low cost one for reduction of generato...

We give a short survey on methods for the enclosure of the solution set of a system of linear equations where the coefficients of the matrix and the right hand side depend on parameters varying within given intervals. Then we present a hybrid method for finding such an enclosure in the case that the dependency is polynomial or rational. A general-purpose parametric fixed-point iteration is comb...

Several recent studies have shown that chickens, fish, and humans trained to find a reward in a corner of a rectangular enclosure with distinctive features rely more on the geometry of the enclosure in small enclosures and rely more on the features in large enclosures. Here, these results are modeled using a recent associative model of geometry learning [Miller, N.Y., Shettleworth, S.J., 2007. ...